Inhibiting effects by Fe2O3 on combustion and explosion characteristics of ABS resin

The global increase in the use of, and reliance on, plastics has prompted the demand for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin in various fields. With this increased requirement, numerous failures have occurred in the ABS process. Those incidents, resulting from electrostatic discharge, powder accumulation, heat accumulation, construction sparks, and plant fires, have caused dust fire and explosions.In this study, the ABS resin was gleaned from the site and tested for its explosion parameters, including minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud (MIT_C), minimum ignition energy (MIE), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC). To improve loss prevention in the manufacturing process, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) as an inert additive was added in the ABS powder. According to the MIE test, Fe₂O₃ has an apparent inhibiting effect on dust explosion for the ABS dust. With the proportion of Fe₂O₃ increased from 25 to 50 mass% in ABS, the MIE increased from 67 to 540 mJ. The explosion tests via 20-L apparatus indicated that Fe₂O₃ mixed with ABS could not increase the MEC significantly. However, the explosion pressure dropped by increasing in the ratio of Fe₂O₃ in ABS. This inerting strategy of ABS was deemed to substantially lessen the probability and severity of fire and explosion.     

Temperature niche of the greater mole rat Spalax microphthalmus Güld. (1770)

With consideration of the data on soil temperature within the range and over the burrow depth of the greater mole rat Spalax microphthalmus Güld. (1770) published in the Handbook on the Climate of the Soviet Union, it has been shown that the fundamental temperature niche of this species is relatively narrow. The seasonal activity of the greater mole rat in the vertical plane of the burrow depends on the vertical distribution of soil temperature.     

大坝拦截对河流水溶解组分化学组成的影响分析——以夏季乌江渡水库为例

以乌江渡水库为主要研究对象,揭示了大坝拦截条件下的夏季水化学特征：阴离子以HCO-3,SO2-4为主,阳离子以Ca2+,Mg2+为主,其余离子含量低于10%,说明了碳酸盐岩的风化对水体化学组成起到了主要控制作用,蒸发盐岩石的风化对水体化学组成影响较小。水库水体存在温度分层现象,形成了不同层位的水体有着不同的水化学组成,即水化学分层。水化学的分层形成了溶解组分在水库垂直深度上的规律分布,比如受藻类的影响,Si和叶绿素随深度成相反的变化特征;HCO-3受光合作用和有机质降解的影响,30 m 以上随着水深的增加而递增,30 m 以下呈现相反趋势;水库泄水方式明显改变了水化学各种参数和离子在水体中的分配。乌江水库两主要支流（息烽河和偏岩河）分别对乌江渡坝前水体中的Ca2+,SO2-4,HCO-3,Mg2+和K+,Na+,Cl-有贡献。网箱养鱼、生活污水、农业施肥、酸性矿山废水以及酸雨沉降都会对水体造成不同程度的污染。     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

Effects of EGR on performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with balanites aegyptiaca/diesel blends

In this study, balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del biodiesel was blended in proportions of 10% and 20% on the volume basis with diesel fuel and tested in a single cylinder, VCR diesel engine under measured load conditions with varied EGR rates (0, 10 and 20%). The results showed that B10 and B20 blends shown a significant reduction rate in terms of NO_x emissions that were familiar with biodiesel blends. At peak load conditions, BTE increased slightly for test fuel blends compared with pure diesel fuel while the BSFC rate and EGT suffered from increasing and decreasing nature with respect to blending percentage. From the emissions point of view, with the increase in blends percentage, a significant reduction rate is observed in terms of CO and HC concentrations (up to 12.34 and 17.5%, respectively) while NOx emissions decreased at peak load conditions (up to 24.34%). HC and CO emissions decreased with increase in blends percentage. However, lower levels of NO_x and EGT (up to 21.37 and 8.47%, respectively) and the average increase in terms of BTE and BSFC (up to 2.83 and 2.9%, respectively) can be realised with B20 test fuel blend under 20% EGR rate.     

长江流域近50年来的气温变化特征

分析了1951~2000年长江流域（上、中、下游）的平均气温、平均日最低气温、平均日最高气温随时间的变化趋势特征。结果表明：长江流域近50年来年平均气温、年平均日最低气温、年平均日最高气温在20世纪50年代明显偏高,60~80年代波动下降,80年代中后期以后有所上升,90年代较80年代增温0.3℃~0.6℃之间;同时不同季节、不同区域气温呈现不同的态势,冬季平均气温、平均日最低气温在60年代以后呈上升趋势,而平均日最高气温呈下降趋势,夏季平均气温、平均日最低气温、平均日最高气温均以降温为主。     

湖北省2008年初低温雨雪冰冻过程气候特征分析

2008年初，湖北省出现了严重的低温雨雪冰冻灾害，直接经济损失高达110亿元以上，有必要对灾害期间的气候特征进行系统、科学的分析和总结。对湖北省76个气象站2008年1月12日～2月3日气温、降水（雪）、日照以及低温持续日数等要素进行时空间差异分析及历史与同期比较，并选取10个代表站历史上所有低温雨雪天气过程，对其过程持续低温日数、最长连续雨雪日数、过程极端低温进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）此次过程的平均气温异常偏低，该省大部为-1～-2℃，比常年同期偏低4～6℃，为各站历史同期最低，其中主要是最高气温异常偏低所致，但极端低温并不低；（2）降雪过程频繁，雨雪量异常偏多；（3）低温冰冻持续时间长，该省大部在16～22 d，位于历史第一；（4）日照异常偏少。持续而稳定的大气环流异常形势是湖北省大范围低温雨雪天气的直接原因。     

热解终温对含油污泥三相产物特性的影响

为实现含油污泥的资源化利用,以罐底油泥为研究对象并以油回收率为考核指标,对热解终温对油泥三相产物的影响进行了研究。结果表明,最佳热解条件是：升温速率为10 ℃·min⁻¹、载气中最佳氧气体积分数为4.2%。在400~800 ℃范围内,随着温度的升高,回收的热解油产率由16.43%提升至21.46%,后又降至14.15%;热解气产率由9.12%提升到了27.87%,热解残渣中可回收组分含量由39.1%降至16.5%。热解油中主要为轻质组分,油的品质较高;热解气中主要成分为CO₂和CO,且温度越高可燃气比例越高。对热解残渣进行电镜分析发现,渣体表面没有结焦现象,残渣表现出良好的吸附性能。本研究可为含油污泥热解处理资源化提供参考。     

一种新型隔热材料在原位土壤热修复工程中的表面阻隔效应

对原位热修复场地表层土壤采用有效的隔热措施,有助于实现节能降耗.纳米中空陶瓷微珠水性隔热涂料是一种新型隔热材料,导热系数低,可作为原位热修复修复场地的表面阻隔材料.通过现场实验,探究了该涂料的隔热性能及其受施工方法、实验区域尺寸等因素的影响.结果 表明,在加热井热影响区域内,新型隔热材料的温度梯度最高可达13600℃·...     

高分散纳米钙锆复合材料催化臭氧氧化降解间甲酚废水

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Ca-Zr复合材料,探究了不同的焙烧温度对材料结构和化学性质的影响。使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及高分辨透射电镜等分析手段表征了所制备样品的物相变化和颗粒形貌特征,以间甲酚为底物,采用臭氧催化氧化方法对所得催化剂的催化性能进行了分析。结果表明：当焙烧温度升高到1 000 ℃以上时,样品晶型以斜方晶系CaZrO₃为主,随着焙烧温度的升高,颗粒更加均匀分散。在催化臭氧氧化降解间甲酚实验中,当焙烧温度为800 ℃时, TOC去除率最高可达到79%。800 ℃焙烧所得的样品由纳米颗粒组成,晶格间距为0.29 nm,说明样品的高暴露晶面为CaZrO₃的(121)晶面;XPS结果证实了样品的高活性可能是由晶格氧和表面羟基基团起重要作用而导致的。这种高效的纳米钙锆复合材料为催化臭氧氧化处理废水奠定了良好的基础。