褪色光度法测定微量碘的研究

研究了在硫酸介质中、溴化钾催化下 ,碘酸根氧化酸性铬蓝K褪色的最佳条件。其最大吸收波长λmax为 5 2 0nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1 .1× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1·cm- 1,碘浓度在 0～ 3 .6mg/L内呈线性关系。方法用于测定加碘食盐中的碘 ,结果令人满意     

香草醛类席夫碱的制备及其对水中碘的吸附研究

核废料中的放射性碘对环境的污染日趋严重,固定回收放射性碘对核能的可持续发展至关重要.本文通过醛胺缩合制备了两种席夫碱共价材料—3,5-二氨基苯甲酸缩合香草醛（SB-35）和4-氨基安替比林缩合香草醛（SB-4）,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、热重分析仪（TGA/DSC）、X-射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等对两种材料的结构和形貌分别进行了表征.结果表明,两种席夫碱材料对水中碘具有较好的吸附效果,吸附行为更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,表明该吸附过程以多分子层吸附为主;由Langmuir等温吸附可知,在25℃时SB-35和SB-4的最大理论吸附量分别为1356.49 mg·g^-1和1680.08 mg·g^-1.吸附热力学结果表明,两种材料对水中碘的吸附是吸热反应且自发进行,升高温度有利于反应进行.     

Geochemistry of trace elements in paddy (rice) soils of Sri Lanka – implications for iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are a common health problem prevalent in the wet zone of Sri Lanka with a prevalence of >25 of the population. In comparison, in the dry zone of Sri Lanka IDD occurs in <10 of the population. Seventy soil samples from 14 villages selected on the basis of the incidence of goitre, were collected and analysed for 13 trace elements using ICP-MS. In order to identify any prevailing differences in antecedent chemical environments, soil samples from each pre-selected village were classified into three groups in terms of their geographical location. Among the elements investigated, the total soil concentrations of Rb, Sr, Ba, Mn and Co are lower in the wet zone of Kalutara. In contrast, total soil Rb, Sr, Ba and Mn contents are higher in the dry zone of Anuradhapura. Further soil total Mo and Nb levels are relatively similar in all pre-selected study locations. The high endemic goitre regions (IDD >25 of the population) show low levels of Rb, Sr, Ba, and Mn and higher levels of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb as compared with moderate and non-goitre areas. Factor analysis was used to exploit the correlation structure present in data and yielded three groups in all cases. This indicated that most transition group elements and iodine are associated with the Mn phase in the low IDD areas whereas iodine shows a high affinity for the organic phase in high IDD regions. The variable distribution of trace elements, therefore, must be due to differences in mobility and capacity for incorporation into the structure of secondary minerals or organic phases.     

上海大气颗粒物中溴、碘浓度水平的影响因素

统计分析了2008年采样期间大气颗粒物TSP和PM10中溴、碘浓度水平与气象条件和气态污染物SO2、NO2的关系。结果表明,风向为向岸流时,大气中TSP、PM10浓度以及颗粒物中溴、碘的浓度均低于离岸流时的数值;在各气象因素中,影响颗粒物中溴、碘浓度的主要气象因素为风向、气压和气温,风速和相对湿度的影响较小;颗粒物中溴、碘的浓度水平随大气中SO2、NO2浓度的上升而上升,颗粒物中碘与SO2、NO2呈显著正相关,而颗粒物中溴呈较弱的正相关性;当空气质量恶化时,PM10中Br、I浓度增大,而Br/I比值降低,城市大气中污染物质之间的化学反应对颗粒物中Br/I的比值有一定影响。     

土壤焙烧过程中碘的释放及其环境意义

研究了温度和焙烧时间对黄壤和红壤碘排放的影响。随着焙烧时间的增加,土壤中碘的逸出率呈上升趋势,900℃时焙烧90min后碘的排放基本达到平衡。土壤中的碘主要以吸附形式存在,各种吸附剂对碘的吸附强度不同,从105℃开始即有部分碘被释放出来,随着温度的升高,更多的碘被解吸、释放。焙烧90分钟,1100℃时碘的逸出基本达到平衡,红壤和黄壤碘的逸出率分别为99.85%和98.52%。500℃和900℃左右是土壤碘释放的两个高峰,分别对应着高岭石和蒙脱石的脱羟基作用,这表明有相当一部分I-取代粘土矿物晶格中的OH-而进入了晶格内部。粘土砖生产过程中碘的排放系数约为97.56%,通过计算得出我国粘土砖生产每年向空气中排放4100t碘,其对生态环境与人体健康有重要影响。