华北平原夏收期间气溶胶卫星遥感探测分析

为研究2014年华北平原在夏收期间气溶胶污染的时空分布特征及形成原因,对2014年6月MODIS卫星的华北平原的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子比(FMF)、火点分布及后向轨迹进行了分析.结果表明,2014年6月华北平原的气溶胶光学厚度值在1.2~2.0之间,远高于年平均值1.0~1.2,而6月的火点分布主要集中在6—14日,此阶段的气溶胶光学厚度值高于6月6日前及14日以后的气溶胶光学厚度值.在两个特定研究区——华北南部及长三角地区,通过对6月的3个阶段的细粒子比进行分析,发现火点集中阶段细粒子排放增多,确定此次污染极有可能是由秸秆燃烧造成.在火点集中时期,两个研究区的后向轨迹说明,污染主要来自火点分布密集区域,进一步确定了秸秆燃烧是华北平原在夏收期间的主要污染源之一.     

温度和pH对生物成因羟基硫酸铁矿物的综合影响研究

在酸性矿山废水中,氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.ferrooxidans)氧化Fe~(2+)过程中常常伴随着次生矿物的生成.为研究温度和pH对A.ferrooxidans氧化Fe~(2+)及Fe3+水解成矿的综合影响,考察了初始pH为1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0,温度为8、18、28、38℃时体系中Fe~(2+)、总Fe、次生矿物的变化情况.结果表明,在改良9K培养基中,温度和pH均影响Fe~(2+)生物氧化和Fe~(3+)水解成矿.A.ferrooxidans最佳适宜生长环境为温度28℃,pH=2.0~3.0,其它条件均不利于其生长繁殖,导致Fe~(2+)氧化速度明显变慢.起始pH=1.5时,不同温度处理均未发现有矿物生成,pH越高,收集矿物量越多.次生铁矿物XRD图谱表明,反应温度为28℃时,pH=2.0~2.5条件下次生铁矿物主要为黄铁矾和施氏矿物的混合物,而pH=3.0时则更有利于施氏矿物的形成.该现象对有效调控次生矿物的形成具有潜在意义.     

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of a novel biocontrol agent Bacillus atrophaeus JZB120050

Abstract

Bacillus spp. have long been used as biocontrol agents because of their efficient broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. We identified a novel strain of Bacillus atrophaeus, named JZB120050, from soil. B. atrophaeus JZB120050 had a strong inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea and many other phytopathogens. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that B. atrophaeus JZB120050 produced many secondary metabolites, such as alkanes, alkenes and acids; some of which were related to pathogen inhibition. Enzyme activity analysis showed that B. atrophaeus JZB120050 secreted cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including chitinase, glucanase and protease, which degraded fungal cell walls. Both the novel glucanase gene bglu and chitinase gene chit1 were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and the products showed strong enzyme activity. In addition, B. atrophaeus JZB120050 secreted siderophores and formed a significant biofilm. Future studies should focus on these antimicrobial factors to facilitate widespread application in the field of agricultural biocontrol.     

基于环境保护的面向回收再利用的设计探索

主要介绍了回收设计的基本特点、内容及准则,为废旧物品的回收利用、节约能源提供思路。     

广州市不同粒径大气颗粒物有机提取物的致突变性研究

为了了解广州市大气气溶胶中不同粒径颗粒物中有机物的污染水平以及其对人体健康的影响 ,用 6段分级采样器分段采集 相似文献   

北京市大气细粒态气溶胶的化学成分研究

2000年6月在北京北郊中国科学院大气物理所气象塔观测场采集了大气中细粒态气溶胶样品.用质子诱导X射线荧光分析法(PIXE)对样品进行了分析,得到Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K等19种元素的浓度及其谱分布并对当前北京市大气气溶胶的来源、化学元素成分的变化进行了研究.结果表明,这19种元素中的许多元素的浓度与过去相比有不同幅度的降低,说明北京市对大气污染的防治是有效果的.     

Aerosol Properties Over Japan Determined by Sun/Sky Photometry

The field-experiment campaigns of the Asian Atmospheric Particulate Environment Change Studies (APEX-E1 in December 2000, -E2 in spring 2001, and -E3 in spring 2003) aimed at understanding Asian aerosols. Our sun/sky photometric measurements of atmospheric light have joined these campaigns by using multispectral photometers (CE-318-1 and -2, Cimel Electronique; and POM-100P, Prede) at Noto, Shirahama, and Fukue-jima, Japan. This paper focuses on aerosol retrieval during the APEX-E3 campaign. Aerosol optical thickness, Ångström exponent, single-scattering albedo and the refractive index derived from these ground-based measurements can be classified into three categories of aerosols: (1) an oceanic type of typical background aerosols over Japan, (2) an anthropogenic type, and (3) a soil-dust type. The data from APEX experiments demonstrate that aerosols over Japan exhibit complicated spatial and temporal features involving mixtures of compounds.     

A Contribution to the Study of the Antidust Respirators’ Real Performance

In most industrial enterprises, hazardous factors are present in quantities exceeding permissible levels. Such a situation requires using antidust respiratory protection. It has been suggested, however, that filters for respirators are not assessed properly and that lab results might not be related to real filtering efficiency in industry. This article contains test results of some commercially available filtering half-masks, including the effect of loading with real dust, high humidity, high temperature, and a combination of loading with dust and high humidity on the half-masks’ performance. The results show that the effect of these factors is considerable and that a combination of loading with silica dust and exposing to high humidity can cause a complete loss of performance.     

Deposition and Resuspension of Selected Aerosols Particles on Electrically Charged Filter Materials for Respiratory Protective Devices

The primary aim of the study was to analyse the non-steady state of filtration for selected electrostatic filter materials designed for use in respiratory protective devices. The obtained results showed that the filtration process in electrostatic filters was dependent in the main on the following factors: type of the filter material, electrostatic field strength of the material, and the charge of the aerosol.

To a lesser degree the filtration process depended on the sign of the charge and the relative humidity of the air. A significant correlation was found between the increase in the penetration and the decrease in breathing resistance while the filter was being loaded.

The effect of resuspension (tearing off and re-deposition of dust agglomerates inside the filter) on the filtration process very significant. It was also observed that under certain conditions electrostatic filter materials lost their protection properties.     

不同外碳源对尾水极限脱氮性能及微生物群落结构的影响

投加外碳源是污水厂尾水深度脱氮的重要手段.为充分对比多种碳源在极限脱氮条件下的性能及经济性,以及碳源对微生物种群结构的影响,选取甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖和乙酸钠这4种单碳源,并采用反应速率较高的乙酸钠和乙醇与价格便宜的葡萄糖配制成4种复合碳源进行研究.结果表明,所有系统均能满足出水ρ（NO_x^--N）≤1.0mg·L^-1的要求.单碳源系统,乙醇反应速率最快,投加量最省,费用最低.复合碳源系统,乙酸钠/葡萄糖（1：1）在COD/ρ（N）为6时,与乙酸钠/葡萄糖（1：3）、乙醇/葡萄糖（1：1）和乙醇/葡萄糖（1：3）在COD/ρ（N）为9、10和10时的效果相当,且乙酸钠/葡萄糖（1：1）系统反应速率最快且经济性最好.Illumina MiSeq高通量测序显示,经70 d左右的运行,微生物群落结构发生根本性变化.在与葡萄糖相关的系统,常规脱氮系统不常见的菌门Candidatus Saccharibacteria,丰度从种泥的1.16%提高到47.37%;相应地,在属水平Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis成为绝对优势菌种.研究结果可为污水厂尾水极限脱氮的碳源选择提供更全面的对比,也为碳源在微生物菌群驯化方面的作用提供更多参考和借鉴.