Microwave digestion method in environmental analysis

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New process for anaerobic treatment of Vitamin C wastewater in a full scale plant

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＦｉｒｓｔＰｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃａｌＦａｃｔｏｒｙｉｎＳｈｉｊｉａｚｈｕａｎｇＣｉｔｙ，Ｃｈｉｎａ，ｂｕｉｌｔａｓｅｔｏｆｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｆｕｌｓｃａｌｅｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇＶｉｔａｍｉｎＣｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｉｎ...     

中德中小学环境教育比较

从环境教育的概念出发，较系统地阐述了中德在中小学环境教育方面的异同，进而从认识，观念、科技，管理等角度提出了我国在实施中小学环境教育时可借鉴的一些看法。     

厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内污泥颗粒化对固液分离效果的影响

厌氧升流式污泥层反应器在较高的COD容积负荷和水力负荷下稳定运行的关键是要有良好的固液分离,而固液分离的必要条件是污泥的沉降速度大于混合液在三相分离器的沉降区的最小断面上的向上流速。通过小型装置的试验表明,污泥的沉降速度与污泥的性状和浓度有关,使反应器内的污泥颗粒化能改善污泥沉降性、提高固液分离效果,使反应器能在相当高的COD容积负荷(20—30kgCOD/m~3·d)和水力负荷(0.8m~3/m~2·h)下稳定运行。本文叙述了厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内的污泥颗粒化过程,并简要地讨论了培养颗粒污泥的基本条件。     

膜技术在挥发性有机蒸汽（VOC）处理中的应用

有机蒸汽（VOC）排放到大气中会引起健康，环境、安全等一系列问题。采用膜技术来处理VOC具有投资较小、分离效率高、能量消耗低、操作简单、不形成二次污染等优点，所以在处理VOC方面有着广泛的应用。文中介绍了膜分离技术处理有机蒸汽的原理，膜法处理有机蒸汽的过程及其工艺流程。     

TVS／TFS去除率在ATAD污泥稳定评价的应用

在ATAD(Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion,自升温高温好氧消化)工艺污泥稳定评价中引入TFS．提出“TVS/ TFS去除率”的概念,得出“TVS/TFS去除率”可以代替“VS(g)去除率”而成为一种新的污泥稳定指标的结论;采用数学微分的方法分析了“TVS/TFS去除率”和“VS(g)去除率”的数据误差问题,进泥TS为60g/L,TVS/TS为56％的运行条件下,前者的最大数据误差仅为3．16％,远小于后者的误差最大值15．45％,即引入TFS解决了“VS(g)去除率”数据波动大的问题;TFS的引入还节约了污泥稳定研究所需的时间和工作量。     

微量营养物质对有机废水厌氧消化过程的调控作用

通过向处理酸性葡萄酒蒸馏废水的厌氧移动床生物膜反应器中投加微量营养物质的试验,得出利用微量营养物质调控厌氧消化过程在技术上是可行的。Fe、Ni、Co组合不仅能加快挥发性有机酸(VFA),特别是丙酸的降解速率,进而提高厌氧反应器的溶解COD去除率,同时,还有利于厌氧反应器有机负荷的快速提升和较强pH缓冲能力的形成。B族维生素对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行效果影响不大。Fe对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行有一定影响,但效果也不十分明显。     

野生植物南山王次生化合物的生物活性研究

研究了野生植物南山王次生代谢产物的抽提技术以及其对菜青虫、小菜蛾的生物活性。试验证明:南山王的根和茎叶浸提率以甲醇最高,分别为35 2%和8 0%;其不同部位、不同极性溶剂的抽提物具有相似的生物活性;以0 01gDW/ml浓度处理供试对象的非选择性拒食率达到85 9%～93 9%,触杀作用的光活化比达到25 5～30.4。     

改进型石灰混凝法去除城市污水二级出水中有机物的研究

将石灰混凝处理后的沉淀泥渣进行回流，对石灰混凝法进行改进，研究改进后的石灰混凝法对城市污水二级出水中有机物的去除效果。结果表明，活性泥渣回流有利于提高石灰混凝法对城市污水二级出水中有机物的去除。回流位置在石灰投加前、复合絮凝剂投加后，最佳回流量为新泥渣产生量的100％～200％，活性泥渣回流的最佳pH为11．0～11．5；活性泥渣中CaCO3、Mg(OH)2、Fe(OH)3等沉淀物以及有机高分子絮体均有助于提高其对有机物的去除效果，其中Mg(OH)2沉淀物起主导作用；含循环泥渣的活性污泥回流，对有机物的去除效果无明显影响。     

Valorisation of used cooking oil sludge by codigestion with swine manure

The addition of lipid wastes to the digestion of swine manure was studied as a means of increasing biogas production. Lipid waste was obtained from a biodiesel plant where used cooking oil is the feedstock. Digestion of this co-substrate was proposed as a way of valorising residual streams from the process of biodiesel production and to integrate the digestion process into the biorefinery concept.Batch digestion tests were performed at different co-digesting proportions obtaining as a result an increase in biogas production with the increase in the amount of co-substrate added to the mixture. Semi-continuous digestion was studied at a 7% (w/w) mass fraction of total solids. Co-digestion was successful at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d but a decrease to 30 d resulted in a decrease in specific gas production and accumulation of volatile and long chain fatty acids. The CH₄ yield obtained was 326 ± 46 l/kg VS_feed at an HRT of 50 d, while this value was reduced to 274 ± 43 l/kg VS_feed when evaluated at an HRT of 30 d. However these values were higher than the one obtained under batch conditions (266 ± 40 l/kg VS_feed), thus indicating the need of acclimation to the co-substrate. Despite of operating at low organic loading rate (OLR), measurements from respirometry assays of digestate samples (at an HRT of 50 d) suggested that the effluent could not be directly applied to the soil as fertiliser and might have a negative effect over soil or crops.