Post-conflict health reconstruction: search for a policy

Despite increasing experience in health reconstruction in societies emerging from conflict, the policy basis for investing in the development of equitable and effective health systems in the wake of war remains unsettled. Consideration of post-conflict health reconstruction is almost entirely absent in donor policies on global health. Practically by default, health programmes are seen increasingly as an element of stabilisation and security interventions in the aftermath of armed conflict. That perspective, however, lacks an evidence base and can skew health programmes towards short-term security and stabilisation goals that have a marginal impact and violate the principles of equity, non-discrimination, and quality, which are central to sound health systems and public acceptance of them. A better approach is to ground policy in legitimacy, viewing health both as a core social institution and one that, if developed according to human rights principles, including equity, non-discrimination, participation and accountability, can advance the effectiveness and the quality of governance in the emerging state.     

关于在风电场安全评价中增加信息安全评价内容的建议

我国风力发电业发展迅速,风电场建设规模不断扩大,风电场并网运行对电网的影响会越来越显著。风力发电受自然条件影响比较大,具有随机性、间歇性特点,给电网运行调度带来很大困难。为了更好的调度风电场,适应电网安全稳定运行要求,对风电场的自动化和信息化水平要求越来越高。由于对风电场信息安全的了解和认识不够充分,忽视了一些信息安全的基础性工作,导致其系统信息网络内部存在种种风险和潜在隐患。一旦信息系统受到黑客攻击或恶意破坏,可能引发区域性大面积停电,威胁电网运行。鉴于风电场＂三同时＂安全评价的综合性、全面性的特点,建议在风电场安全评价中增加信息安全评价内容,以做到防患于未然。     

关于城市轨道交通工程安全文明施工措施费的探讨

城市轨道交通工程是一个庞大的系统工程,也是一项风险较高的建设工程,研究其安全文明施工措施费的合理提取和使用对于确保工程建设安全生产有着举足轻重的意义。从城市轨道交通工程安全措施费用管理的必要性着手,分析了当前城市轨道交通工程建设安全措施费用管理现状及其存在的问题。笔者通过前期广泛调研和资料收集,界定了安全措施费的范围,分析了我国安全文明施工措施费计取现状和影响条件,最后提出了科学的计取方法、选取合理的计费基数、细化取费费率等建议,以保障城市轨道交通工程安全措施费的合理使用和提取。     

机场安检人员工作压力源及影响因素研究

探讨国内机场安检人员的工作压力源,为开展航空安全心理援助提供有效的依据。通过运用叙述统计分析、主成分分析、t检定、因子分析、多变量分析等方法对机场安检人员工作压力进行分析。对机场安检人员调查问卷进行数据统计的基础上,将采集的有效数据导入SPSS14.0进行检验,Bartlett球形检验结果(2χ=269.713,P=0.000<0.01,KMO值=0.533>0.5),表明采集数据各个变量之间是独立的,适用于进行主成分分析。主成分分析结果表明人际关系因子、工作负荷因子和设备及法令法规因子为机场安检人员的主要压力源。工资收入和工作年限对压力源有显著的影响。工资越低的人感觉工作负荷越大。工作年限10年以上的人在工作负荷和设备与法令规定因子感受较强烈。调查问卷设计合理,涵盖了较为全面的职业压力信息,所获压力因子具有一定的客观性和代表性。     

精明收缩理念下的资源型城市生态安全格局修复实施路径设计——以冷水江锡矿山为例

资源型城市通常面临环境恶化、景观破碎、生态流动性受阻等问题,生态系统亟需修复;同时,其作为收缩城市的重要类型之一,人口外流、经济衰退导致大量用地废弃与房屋空置,低效的用地亟需调整。以冷水江市锡矿山为例,本文将传统生态安全格局修复范式引入到收缩城市空间治理工作中,以电流密度计算结果得到的关键生态流路径和障碍点作为分期修复的依据,结合实际土地利用情况制定分区分期收缩计划,对关键障碍点进行再利用设计策略思考并检验修复效果。将生态安全格局分析和资源型城市空间收缩治理相结合,整合“生态分析—政策研究—规划设计”探索符合资源枯竭城市分步式生态修复路径,及其土地利用和空间形态分期、有序地实现精明收缩和地理设计方法。     

防灾视角下基于MCR模型的山地生态安全格局优化研究——以京津冀山区为例

区域生态安全格局的优化对改善区域自然生态系统服务功能、减轻区域典型灾害负面影响等有重要作用。该文以京津冀山区为研究对象,在区域山洪灾害背景下运用灾害学、景观生态学等理论,将最小累积阻力模型(MCR)引入山区生态安全格局的构建过程。通过借助GIS技术平台分析了研究区基于MCR模型建立的生态网络,构建了由斑块、生态廊道、基质镶嵌的区域生态化网络格局。针对分析结果,重点从城乡规划视角提出生态安全格局优化的措施,主要包括生态约束条件下生态网络结构优化和区域尺度的山区生态修复,以期为维持山区生态安全、国土综合整治以及实现京津冀区域协同发展提供科学依据。     

Chronicles of security risk assessment in process industries: Past,present and future perspectives

Security incidents around the world causes enormous loss in terms of life, economy, and environment. The 9/11 ′triggered the serious onset of research initiatives in the field of security with a more specific focus on the protection of high sensitive and hazardous facilities. It is well known that technology is advancing in a very rapid phase, proportionally increasing the security risk of the facilities. Conventional deterministic risk techniques widely found their applications in the earlier stage but owing to the increasing dynamic nature of the security risk, probabilistic dynamic risk assessment models were developed over time. In this article, the authors attempted to present the evolution of security risk concepts, their present status, and their future scope in a precise and consolidated form. The last 20 years of development in the security risk assessment concept involving deterministic and dynamic risk assessment models and applications in security risk assessment relevant to physical security are discussed in this article. The objective of the article is to outline the past, current and future directions of security risk highlighting their strength, weakness and limitations.     

内浮顶罐中油气扩散运移的数值模拟

内浮顶罐浮盘上气体空间的油气扩散运移规律对其安全隐患控制及损耗评估具有重要意义。基于单相扩散传质模型和RNGκ-ε湍流模型,采用UDF建立油气扩散模型,考察分析了通气孔分别位于罐壁和罐顶时罐内的油气扩散机理。结果表明:小型内浮顶罐的试验数据与模拟结果吻合良好;通气孔在不同位置时,气流对罐内油气的扰动规律不同,罐壁通气孔的开设使内浮顶油罐存在更大的安全隐患;外界风速引起的罐内泄漏点油品的有效扩散系数远大于无风时油品的分子扩散传质系数,建议API油气损耗评估公式考虑风速的影响。     

Analysis of energy security and sustainability in future low carbon scenarios for Brazil

This study estimated a series of indicators to assess the energy security of supply and global and local environmental impacts under different mitigation scenarios through 2050 in Brazil, designed with the integrated optimization energy system model MESSAGE‐BRAZIL. The assessment of interactions between environmental impacts and energy security dimensions was complemented through the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Overall results imply energy security establishes more synergies than trade‐offs in increasingly stringent mitigation scenarios, especially patent within the sustainability dimension, which increases energy security and provides additional benefits regarding climate change mitigation and air pollution emissions. It is still necessary to extend analysis to other energy sectors in addition to the power supply sector and to promote a better understanding of repercussions of energy scenario expansion in energy security.     

Tracing the unintended consequences of food safety regulations for community food security and sustainability: small-scale meat processing in British Columbia

In 2004, as a response to the discovery of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Canadian cattle and other food scares, the Province of British Columbia (BC) developed a comprehensive set of meat inspection regulations, increasing the requirements for food safety infrastructure. Through a series of interviews with farmers and stakeholders, we highlight some of the unintended consequences for community food security and sustainability that resulted from these stringent safety regulations in rural and remote communities in BC. These include the loss of meat production and processing capacities as well as the erosion of local food practices and traditions through the criminalisation of farm-gate sales. We suggest that food safety regulations intended to protect consumer health may result in negative effects for community food security and rural sustainability and that these consequences should be accounted for when developing food policy.