新时期秦岭生态文明建设：存在问题与发展路径

生态文明建设是我国的重大战略,秦岭在我国生态文明建设中具有重要的战略地位,为了清晰认识秦岭在生态文明建设中存在的问题及发展路径,邀请来自不同领域的相关专家就秦岭生态格局与地理过程、科学考察、水资源保护等研究前沿进行访谈,访谈结果表明：在全球气候变化和人类活动深刻影响下,新时期的秦岭生态保护与可持续发展,更要深入认识秦岭在中国乃至世界生态文明建设中的重要意义。综合自然科学与社会科学的理论知识,从系统整体、动态交互等视角持续关注秦岭的重大科学命题。通过综合科学考察及“空—天—地”一体智能监测技术和数据支撑,持续深度挖掘数据,探索新科学问题,在发现秦岭独特地理现象和规律的同时,从机理上深入理解秦岭作为南北地理分界线的生态环境效应,揭示生态系统服务功能及其在维护国家生态安全上的关键作用,开展“基于自然”的秦岭生态保护和修复研究;在新流动性范式下,用动态的眼光看待移民安置工程,关注不同群体和类型移民的生计,通过多元化保障体系解决移民问题;在气候变化大背景下,重视秦岭对气候变化和人为活动的响应研究,摸清秦岭水资源的演化规律和变化趋势,开展系统治理工作,保障水资源的长期安全供给,推进区域的社会经济可持续发展。从而为秦岭生态文明建设和可持续发展提供科学可行的理论和决策支持。     

珠江三角洲城市生态安全水平对比研究

作为人口高度集聚的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,城市生态系统的安全性更加具有脆弱性。根据压力(Pressure)-状态(State)-响应(Response)模型,构建了一个4层次的城市生态安全水平度量的指标体系和综合评价模型。并以珠江三角洲经济区(2003年)为例,对其所辖9个城市的生态安全进行评估和对比分析。结果表明,处于“较安全”的城市有:惠州市、肇庆市、江门市、中山市和珠海市;处于“临界安全”的城市有深圳市;处于“较不安全”的城市有:广州市、佛山市;东莞市生态安全水平最低。     

张家港市耕地资源安全与城市化时空动态分析

在1991、1996、2001和2006年Landsat遥感影像的支持下,研究了张家港市近20 a间的城市增长模式和城市化土地利用强度,结果表明:在3个研究时期中,张家港市主城区的城市化由以新发生型为主兼有延展型的扩张模式,发展成为以填充型为主要的扩张模式,而农村地区城市化则由新发生型为主的扩张模式,转变为新发生型与延展型并存的扩张模式;张家港市的城市化土地利用强度I有明显的阶段性,1991—1996年为主城区城市化时期(I峰值出现在4 km处),1996—2001年为城市化缓慢发展时期(I值较低且变化平缓),从2001—2006年开始张家港市进入了农村城市化时期(I峰值出现在22 km处)。随着农村地区经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加剧,以张家港市为代表的长江三角洲地区中小型城市的耕地不断被工业用地和居住用地吞噬,耕地资源安全受到严重威胁,必须引起高度重视,只有正确处理好城市化发展与农地保护之间的客观矛盾才能保证耕地资源安全和经济可持续发展。     

Can home gardens scale up into movements for social change? The role of home gardens in providing food security and community change in San Jose,California

Urban policymakers and sustainable food activists have identified urban agriculture as an important strategy for confronting a host of urban problems, including food insecurity, health disparities, access to urban green space and community economic revitalisation. Much recent work on urban agriculture has examined community and school gardens, but little research has been undertaken on home gardens as a solution to urban problems. This article examines a home-gardening programme in San Jose, California, La Mesa Verde, asking whether some of the benefits found in community gardens can be found in home gardens. Specifically, we look at financial, health and community benefits, examining the potential of home gardens to become forces for broader social change. We ask whether gardens can become agents of cultural preservation, self-determination, particularly for recent immigrants who use these spaces to build identities and work towards collective action and self-determination.     

对人员不安全行为的分析与控制

大量的事故调查分析表明,造成事故的原因大多出于人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态,据海因利希估算,由于人的不安全行为而造成的事故占事故总数的80％以上,因此为了防止伤亡事故和职业危害,除了要使设备环境安全以消除物的不安全状态,还要采取措施克服人的不安全行为,本文以石化行业为例全面论述了人员的不安全行为产生原因及其控制措施。     

Whose marginalisation? Politics around environmental injustices in India's Chilika lagoon

The article examines marginalisation in small-scale fishing communities in a large lagoon system. It explores what marginalisation looks like from the fishers' point of view, and examines the extreme discrepancy between the official government account of the lagoon's resources, and the fishers' account. We analyse two major drivers of marginalisation: (1) role of aquaculture development in the loss of resource access rights and decline of local institutions, and (2) ecological displacement and livelihood loss brought about by the opening of a new (2001) “sea mouth”. We consider evidence collected through household- and village-level surveys combined with a host of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The fishers' point of view, and the data obtained using this point of view as a guide, presents a more complex, multidimensional concept of marginalisation, not simply as a state of being but as a process over time, impacting social and economic conditions, political standing, and environmental health.     

Governance of seed and food security through participatory plant breeding: Empirical evidence and gender analysis from Syria

This paper presents the findings of a study on the governance of seed conducted in the framework of a participatory plant breeding (PPB) programme, based on a multi‐year inquiry with a panel of ten Syrian households. The study assessed the interactions between governance regimes regulating the rights to access and control genetic resources at international and national level, compared to the actual ability of the respondent women farmers to access and control the seed of varieties they co‐developed with the PPB programme. The paper argues that gender equal access to seed can “optimally” contribute to enhancing household food security in small scale farming. The paper also argues that to support a gender‐equal access to seed in the respondent households legislation needs to explicitly protect the rights of women farmers to access and share the benefits of genetic material and draw from empirical evidence of the actual access to and control of seed at ground level.     

Identifying implementation gaps in water recycling policy of Beijing municipality

ABSTRACT

Due to its dry climate, growing population, and overexploited groundwater, China’s capital is plagued by water scarcity. Since the late 1980s, Beijing has adopted water reuse solutions to bring relief; today, however, the intentions of these reuse policies are often not reflected in practice. Three significant implementation gaps exist: lack of use of installed decentralized reuse systems, limited understanding of the operation of decentralized treatment plants by operators, and inadequate service of centralized reuse treatment systems. By understanding the cause, impact, and severity of these gaps, Beijing’s policymakers can work to meet existing needs via a range of municipal and national policy-driven actions.

AbbrevationBWA Beijing Water AuthorityCECEPChina Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection GroupCNY Chinese yuanIPEInstitute of Public and Environmental AffairsENGOEnvironmental non-governmental organizationMACMunicipal Action CommitteeMEEMinistry of Ecological Environment MEP Ministry of Environmental ProtectionMEPBMunicipal Bureau of Environmental ProtectionMNRMinistry of Natural ResourcesOECDOrganization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentO&MOperation and maintenanceSNWTPSouth-North Water Transfer ProjectSOEState-Owned Enterprise     

Water resource governance in China’s regional cooperation

ABSTRACT

A series of water disputes and conflicts have gradually emerged between China and some neighboring countries after 2000, influencing China’s neighborhood relations. China increasingly realizes the importance and urgency of the water resource governance in the regional cooperation, but under complicated geopolitical context, China’s water resource governance must serve several important main functions in its regional cooperation. Overall, water resource governance is the demands of crisis management and conflict prevention, and also is a kind of positive factor that promotes sub-regional cooperation. From the perspective of the current situation, China should take more proactive attitude toward the water resource governance, expand the areas and stakeholders of the water resource governance, and thus promote the formulation of water resource governance strategy.     

飞行管理中防撞模型研究

随着民用航空业的不断发展,航空安全问题已经成为航空业发展中的重大问题。本文从空中防相撞的角度出发,建立一个防撞模型,当一架飞机进入一个区域时,判断该机与区域中其他飞机是否存在危险,如果有潜在危险,模型给出一个调整角度,保障飞行安全。