城市重污染河道底泥对外源磷的吸附和固定机制

以重污染河道底泥和上覆水为材料,研究了周期性加入外源磷条件下,间歇扰动对底泥吸附和固定外源磷的作用机制.结果表明,扰动状态下,39d内底泥对外源磷的累积吸附量达到363.4 mg·kg-1,远高于静态试验(213.2 mg·kg-1).内源磷形态分析表明,扰动状态下底泥吸附的外源磷中超过61%被结合到铁铝结合态磷(Fe...     

乌粱素海不同粒径沉积物吸附磷实验研究

通过研究乌粱素海不同粒径沉积物对磷的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温曲线,模拟了乌粱素海不同粒级沉积物对磷的吸附过程。研究显示：沉积物对磷的吸附动力学过程包括快吸附和慢吸附,0～45 min内各粒级吸附速率均较高,且不同粒级沉积物对磷吸附的粒度效应明显。二级动力学方程是描述乌粱素海沉积物磷吸附动力学的最优方程,Langmuir...     

Nutrient distribution within and release from the contaminated sediment of Haihe River

We assessed nutrient characteristics, distributions and fractions within the disturbed and undisturbed sediments at four sampling sites within the mainstream of Haihe River. The river sediments contained mostly sand (> 60%). The fraction of clay was < 3%. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 729 to 1922 mg/kg and from 692 to 1388 mg/kg, respectively. Nutrient concentrations within the sediments usually decreased with increasing depth. The TN and TP concentrations within the fine sand were higher than for that within silt. Sediment phosphorus fractions were between 2.99% and 3.37% Ex-P (exchangeable phosphorus), 7.89% and 13.71% Fe/Al-P (Fe, Al oxides bound phosphorus), 61.32% and 70.14% Ca-P (calcium-bound phosphorus), and 17.03% and 22.04% Org-P (organic phosphorus). Nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment could lead to the presence of 21.02 mg N/L and 3.10 mg P/L within the water column. A river restoration project should address the sediment nutrient stock.     

Millennial mercury records derived from ornithogenic sediment on Dongdao Island, South China Sea

Two ornithogenic sediment cores, which have a time span of 1000 years and are influenced by red-footed booby (Sula sula), were collected from Dongdao Islands, South China Sea. The determined mercury concentrations of the two cores show similar and substantial fluctuations during the past millennium, and the fluctuations are most likely caused by the changes in mercury level of the ocean environment and in anthropogenic Hg emission. For the past 500 years, the mercury concentration in the red-footed booby excrement has a striking association with global anthropogenic mercury emission. The mercury concentration increased rapidly after AD 1600 in corresponding to beginning of the unparalleled gold and silver mining in South Central America that left a large volume of anthropogenic mercury pollution. Since the Industrial Revolution, the mercury level has increased at a fast pace, very likely caused by modern coal combustion, chlor-alkali and oil refining industries. The comparison of mercury profiles from different places on earth suggested that anthropogenic mercury pollution after the Industrial Revolution is more severe in Northern Hemisphere than in Antarctica.     

水体中Ca2+湖泊沉积物磷吸附特征的影响

对于高钙质湖泊来说,水体中钙离子对沉积物磷吸附特征影响非常重要.文章选取北方典型湖泊沉积物进行了吸附实验并通过Langmuir等温吸附模型线性拟合,研究了沉积物的等温吸附特性及水溶液中钙离子浓度对沉积物吸附的影响.沉积物最大吸附量(Qmax)在208.77～450.45 g/kg之间.Qmax与沉积物中Fe和Al的含量...     

湛江某对虾基地沉积物重金属含量特征及评价

探讨了湛江某对虾养殖基地虾场沉积物中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的含量特征,并采用单因子、内梅罗综合污染指数以及H(a)kanson潜在生态风险指数等方法评估了几种重金属的环境风险,分析了其主要来源.结果表明,虾场沉积物Cu含量在11.5～38.5mg/kg之间;Zn含量在87.6～176.4mg/kg之间;Pb...     

菲在渤海湾潮滩不同粒径沉积物上的吸附行为

采用批量试验的方法,研究了菲(PHE)在渤海湾潮间带不同粒径沉积物上的吸附行为,探讨了吸附等温式参数与有机质含最和性质之间的相关关系.结果表明:(1)不同粒径沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)含量(0.86～10.67 mg/g)表现为:粘粒＞砂粒＞粉砂粒;岐口不同粒径沉积物中碳黑(BC)含量(0.25～1.46mg/g)与T...     

逐级分离沉积物锌吸附特性受菹草影响的研究

重金属的环境行为与其在沉积物上的吸附状况密切相关,沉水植物对沉积物的重金属吸附性能有何影响值得关注.以武汉南湖沉积物为研究对象,对种植沉水植物菹草后沉积物的锌吸附性能变化开展研究,并将沉积物进行逐级分离,分析不同级的沉积物对锌吸附特性的作用.结果表明,Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式均能拟合沉积物对锌的...     

上海黄浦江沉积物中的重金属污染趋势

根据200～2009年黄浦江疏浚物(沉积物)样品分析结果,对上海黄浦江沉积物污染情况进行分析,结果表明,2007～2009年黄浦江沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As平均含量均大于1978～1980年的上海市市土壤背景值,表明黄浦江沉积物受到一定污染.对沉积物中各污染要素污染趋势进行研究,各要素污染趋势各有差异,除Pb...     

西湖底泥中厌氧氨氧化菌的分子生物学检测

厌氧氨氧化（anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox）在海洋氮素循环中起了重要作用,而有关天然淡水生态系统中anammox的研究报道并不多.本研究采用16SrRNA基因克隆文库技术首次考察了西湖淡水底泥中anammox菌的分布与种群多样性水平.16SrRNA系统发育分析表明,西湖底泥中的...