煤炭行业推行清洁生产的紧迫性及对策研究

通过对煤炭资源开发利用特征及其对生态环境破坏的现状分析,说明煤炭开采造成的生态破坏已成为我国可持续发展的制约因素.分析了煤炭行业推行清洁生产的必要性,并根据当前煤炭行业清洁生产中存在的问题,提出相应的对策.     

石油污染对海洋生态环境的影响与防治对策

分析了石油污染对海洋生态环境的影响,提出了预防泄漏措施.     

山阴水砷中毒区地下水砷的富集因素分析

通过对山阴地区66个地下水样中常量元素、微量元素及有机物分析,研究了山阴高砷地下水的水化学特性并在此基础上,结合该地区含水层沉积物矿物分析,探讨了地下水中砷富集的影响因素.结果表明,山阴地下水平均pH为8.09,磷酸根含量为0.71mg/L,溶解性有机物含量为5.14 mg/L,以及地下水处于还原环境.高pH值、高磷酸根含量及还原环境不利于含水介质对以阴离子形式存在的砷的吸附,高溶解性有机物含量则增加了砷的活性这些因素促使了含水介质中砷的解吸和迁移.     

再生水补给型城市景观水体的水生生物群落特征—以圆明园为例

为了解圆明园水环境生态和生物多样性现状,掌握圆明园生态修复区长期恢复状况,于2017年对圆明园水系末端长春园开展水质、大型水生植物、蜻蜓目(Odonata)昆虫、鱼类(Piscium)和软甲动物(Malacostraca)的调查.结果表明:圆明园经过园区内水生生物群落的净化作用,水质基本达到地表Ⅲ类～Ⅳ类水体标准,属于...     

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess slope plots

An evaluation of the interactions between vegetation, overland and soil erosion can provide valuable insight for the conservation of soil and water. An experiment was conducted to study water infiltration, runoff generation process, rate of sediment erosion, and hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow from a sloping hillside with different draw-off discharges from alfalfa and control plots with 20° slope. The effect of alfalfa on runoff and sediment transport reduction was quantitatively analyzed. Alfalfa was discussed for its ability to reduce the overland flow scouring force or change the runoff movement. Compared to the bare-soil plots, alfalfa plots generated a 1.77 times increase in infiltration rate. Furthermore, the down-slope water infiltration rate for the bare soil plots was higher than in the up-slope, while the opposite was found in the alfalfa plots. In addition, alfalfa had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield. In comparison to the control, the runoff coefficient and sediment transportation rate decreased by 28.3% and 78.4% in the grass slope, respectively. The runoff generated from the alfalfa and bare-soil plots had similar trends with an initial increase and subsequent leveling to a steady-state rate. The transport of sediment reduced with time as a consequence of the depletion of loose surface materials. The maximum sediment concentration was recorded within the first few minutes of each event. The alfalfa plots had subcritical flow while the bare-soil plots had supercritical flow, which indicate that the capability of the alfalfa slope for resisting soil erosion and sediment movement was greater than for bare soil plots. Moreover, the flow resistance coefficient and roughness coefficient for the alfalfa plots were both higher than for the bare-soil plots, which indicate that overland flow in alfalfa plots had retarded and was blocked, and the flow energy along the runoff path had gradually dissipated. Finally, the ability to erode and transport sediment had decreased.     

经济转型中的中国废钢铁投资市场

废钢铁产业是我国再生资源产业的主体,其节能减排、低碳环保和不可替代的钢铁原料功效十分显著。阐述了我国废钢铁产业在经济转型中的主导地位、应用价值、投资环境及今后的发展战略。指出我国经济发展方式的转变,赋予了废钢铁产业良好的发展机遇和重大的历史使命,中国废钢产业具有良好的投资市场和巨大的发展空间。     

Metals contamination in the foraging area of Milky Stork: evidence of anthropogenic inputs in the aquatic environment of Kuala Gula,Malaysia

The rapid decline of the wild Milky Stork population in Malaysia has led to the reintroduction of the captive bred species in Kuala Gula, Perak. The area is known as an important migratory stopover and sanctuary for both visitors and resident birds. Although Kuala Gula and its adjacent areas are regarded as pristine and unpolluted, recent study suggested that accumulation of certain pollutants is occurring in the aquatic environment of the area. Surface sediment samples from five foraging areas considered important to the reintroduced Milky Storks have been analyzed for metals contamination. The results show that elevations of Cu, Zn, and Pb ranging from 9.7 to 57 mg kg^?1, 71 to 120 mg kg^?1, and 28 to 47 mg kg^?1 have occurred, except for Cd (0.9–1.7 mg kg^?1). The accumulation of these metals is site-specific which reflects continuous anthropogenic inputs into the aquatic environment of Kuala Gula. In addition, metal levels in some areas have exceeded the effects range low values, and thus urgent action is needed to ensure good practice and sustainable management of Kuala Gula by responsible parties.     

Measurement of the leaching behaviour of granular solid wastes

Leaching of granular solids can be described in terms of specific mass transfer functions of a simple mathematical form.

The parameters can be determined by column leaching experiments under well known flow conditions.

Initially available concentrations are obtained from batch experiments at high dilution. Total concentrations in the solids are determined independently to calculate the available fractions.

The determination of the flow pattern is done by radiotracer measurements. Leachates are analyzed by various analytical methods including AAS and INAA. Total concentrations in the solids are determined by INAA preferably.     

温州市九山外河污染治理技术集成应用与治理成效

阐述了浙江省温州市九山外河污染治理技术的集成应用及治理成效。九山外河的综合整治工程采用了外源调水、底泥生态疏浚、河岸带阻控、人工曝气复氧和生态浮岛等多项技术,整治后的九山外河水体黑臭治理初见成效,水质由原来的劣Ⅴ类水逐步改善为Ⅴ类或Ⅳ类水,水体生境和生物多样性都有了一定的提高;将治理后对河流的实际感受与预期期望进行比较,69．2％的居民认为河流治理工程得分在60分以上,对河流治理总体比较满意。最后,对九山外河治理后管理存在的问题进行了分析并提出了建议与对策。     

Use of biomarkers in zooplankton for assessment of the ‘health status’ of marine and brackish environments: a short overview

The biomarker approach has been used for 25 years to study the environmental quality of marine, brackish and freshwater ecosystems. Biomarkers may indicate health status and can be applied to organisms of all zoological phyla by destructive or non destructive methods. For 5 years we have been using this approach in zooplankton to detect ecotoxicological alterations at low levels of the food chain due to contaminants. Here we review our approach to validate and apply biomarker techniques in zooplankton. We discuss advantages, limitations, some results and future research. We indicate that biomarkers in zooplankton can be used as new indices of trophic status and ecological integrity of Italian marine coastal and lagoon environments, to be included among the tools specified by Italian law D.Lgs. 152/2006.