地下水六价铬运移的仿真及场地修复限值探讨

根据渗流理论,考虑地下水中水头变化的影响,利用COMSOL软件,对六价铬在地下水中的运移进行数值模拟,得到地下水压力水头和六价铬在地下水中的迁移变化规律,为六价铬对地下水的污染研究和预测提供重要的分析数据。并借此计算得出场地地下水的修复指导限值为3.17 mg/kg。     

某铀尾矿库地震和渗流耦合作用下稳定性研究

为了研究某铀尾矿库在不同工况下渗流流态和安全系数,以南方某铀尾矿库为对象,耦合GEO-Studio软件中SLOPE/W和SEEP/W模块,并利用极限平衡理论模拟研究了不同工况下坝体渗流流态和安全系数。结果表明:水流主要通过尾粉土层流过尾矿坝,使水力坡降主要集中在初期坝坡前底部;随着水位上升,坝体中水力等势线越来越稀疏,同时尾矿坝3个渗流截面流速加大; 6~9度地震烈度激励下,尾矿坝安全系数维持在1.23~0.91之间,不能满足规程要求。建议初期坝坡坝底埋设排水管,减小水流对初期坝压力,同时对尾矿坝,特别是尾粉土层进行灌浆加固,提高尾矿坝稳定性。     

1种改进的流变模型在层状覆盖层坝基上的应用*

为了深入剖析深厚覆盖层中各层岩土体的流变性对大坝安全稳定的影响机理。探索新的流变元件模型H-KS以适应层状覆盖层坝基,借助Comsol建立数值模型,计算青湾坝安全稳定指标,分析坝基流变对大坝整体的影响。研究结果表明:对于岩性、物理力学性质差异较大的层状覆盖层坝基,采用H-KS流变模型能较好反应大坝应力、变形和渗流实际情况,与监测值对比,误差在5%以内;相比不考虑流变的模型而言,应力、变形分别增大了10%和15.7%,部分增量会影响大坝结构的安全稳定,应予以重视;流变导致大坝整体渗透性降低,粗细粒层孔隙水压力分别减小了约50%和2.5%,加速了流固耦合过程,对于重新评估大坝的渗透性有重要参考意义;由于流变性不同,深厚覆盖层中粗粒土层在变形、应力和渗流方面影响最大,细粒土的贡献相对较小,除了与岩性相关之外,还与土层所处位置、厚度等相关。研究结果可为层状覆盖层上的大坝安全稳定体系的建立提供理论支持。     

传递系数法在滑坡稳定性评价中的几个问题探讨

本文运用LASA软件,分析了采用传递系数法计算滑坡稳定系数时,传递系数计算式、条块划分、渗透压力计算对稳定系数的影响。传递系数计算式的分析得出采用迭代法求解是比较合理的方法;通过实例对条块划分导致的影响分析,可知条块划分应当尽量与滑体的实际情况相符合才可以减小计算误差;渗透压力计算分析指出稳定性计算考虑动水压力时,应当根据不同情况选择不同水力坡降计算式。     

稻田环境与除草剂去草胺降解速率的关系

在稻田自然环境中,去草胺乳油和颗粒剂的残留半衰期,在田水中分别为1.65-2.84d和5.78-6.30d,在土壤中分别为2.67-5.33d和4.95-6.30d.经过水稻一个生育期,去草胺在糙米等样品中的最终残留量均降至可检水平以下.土壤微生物对去草胺的降解起着主导性的作用,在灭菌和不灭菌土壤中的残留半衰期分别为433d和18.50-29.40d.去草胶在涂土等四类不同属性的土壤中的渗漏性大小顺序,依次为涂土、小粉土、青紫泥和红壤.     

焦作市某赤泥堆放场周围地下水水质评价

焦作市某赤泥堆放场一期工程采用了在堆放场底部铺设赤泥加石灰垫层和防渗膜的工程防渗处理措施.基于其防渗处理现状,文章探讨了该区域地下水对赤泥冲灰水的日最大允许入渗量,和赤泥冲灰水的实际日渗透量.评价了该防渗处理措施的可行性和在地下水日活动量稳定的状况下,该赤泥堆放场对周围地下水的影响.结果表明:将赤泥加石灰垫层用作防渗的措施值得大力推广;该堆放场在使用年限内不会对周围区域地下水水质造成太大的影响.     

Development and verification of a screening model for surface spreading of petroleum

Overflows and leakage from aboveground storage tanks and pipelines carrying crude oil and petroleum products occur frequently. The spilled hydrocarbons pose environmental threats by contaminating the surrounding soil and the underlying ground water. Predicting the fate and transport of these chemicals is required for environmental risk assessment and for remedial measure design. The present paper discusses the formulation and application of the Oil Surface Flow Screening Model (OILSFSM) for predicting the surface flow of oil by taking into account infiltration and evaporation. Surface flow is simulated using a semi-analytical model based on the lubrication theory approximation of viscous flow. Infiltration is simulated using a version of the Green and Ampt infiltration model, which is modified to account for oil properties. Evaporation of volatile compounds is simulated using a compositional model that accounts for the changes in the fraction of each compound in the spilled oil. The coupling between surface flow, infiltration and evaporation is achieved by incorporating the infiltration and evaporation fluxes into the global continuity equation of the spilled oil. The model was verified against numerical models for infiltration and analytical models for surface flow. The verification study demonstrates the applicability of the model.     

Further Development of a Specific Conductivity Approach to Measure Groundwater Discharge Area within Lakes

Groundwater exchanges with most lakes are rarely quantified because there are many technical challenges to quantification. We investigated a lakebed mapping approach to infer the relative areas of groundwater exchange in 12 prairie shallow lakes and five Laurentian mixed forest shallow lakes in Minnesota, USA in 2011. We used a relatively common approach (seepage meters) to provide baseline information on the magnitude and direction of flow at four locations in each lake. To expand from point measurements to the whole‐lake scale, we explored use of specific conductivity as a cheaper and more time efficient proxy for groundwater discharge to lakes. We validated the approach at near shore stations in each lake where seepage meter measurements and specific conductivity surveys overlapped. Specific conductivity surveys provided a similar assessment of groundwater discharge compared to seepage meters for 50% of the lake‐sampling period combinations. The lakebed mapping approach, when validated for a lake with a limited number of seepage meter (or alternative methods) measurements, offers the advantages of being more time and labor efficient over the use of a similar number of seepage meter monitoring locations; seepage meters (or piezometers, for example) are costlier in terms of equipment and labor, even for single‐lake studies. We show the combined approach could provide useful baselines for understanding and mapping groundwater exchange in shallow lakes.     

基于声纳渗流技术的地铁联络通道涌水探测应用研究

针对复杂水文地质条件的地铁区间隧道联络通道涌水风险,引入声纳渗流技术探测联络通道区域内地下渗流场特征,采用三维流速矢量声纳测量仪分别进行洞内无损探测和地表井孔测量,综合判断探测区域内的渗流场分布规律。研究结果表明:声纳渗流技术可以在水文地质勘察和涌水渗漏治理中应用,快速准确地测量渗水路径、补给来源以及流速、流向、流量、渗透系数等量化指标,以此建立地下渗流场三维可视化云图,科学指导工程降水设计、涌水渗漏处理,并能验证注浆堵漏处理效果,提前防控暗挖隧道涌水渗漏风险,可为类似工程的安全风险管控提供借鉴和参考。     

渗透反应墙技术处理铀尾矿库渗漏水的研究现状

铀尾矿库渗漏已造成严重的环境辐射问题。为保护铀尾矿库区地下水资源及其生态环境,迫切需要一种低价有效的方法对库区地下水放射性污染进行治理。渗透反应墙技术是用于原位治理污染地下水中污染组分的一种高效技术。介绍了铀尾矿库区地下水铀污染的几种主要修复技术,渗透反应墙的基本原理,结构类型及设计安装,分析了零价铁反应材料去除铀的作用机理,综述了当前国内外渗透反应墙技术治理铀矿山及尾矿库区地下水铀污染的实际工程应用情况,最后指出该技术当前存在的问题,并提出相应的研究展望。