南通市长江堤防渗透性能数值模拟研究

结合南通长江堤防渗透试验数据,利用Plaxis岩土工程专用有限元软件对南通市长江堤防典型地段分别进行不同潮位及设计水位条件下的非稳定渗流数值模拟。模拟结果表明,在已监测江水位条件下堤体渗透基本不受外江水位变化的影响;设计水位条件下的各地段江堤稳定安全系数都在1.5以上;对各典型潮位下各监测断面水位的模拟结果与其实测结果具有良好的一致性。南通市长江堤防渗流稳定安全性能优良。应用实际表明,Plaxis软件具有良好的实用性能,适合用于堤防渗流稳定安全评估。     

不同机制条件下的煤层瓦斯流动方程研究

气体流动可分为连续流、滑流、过渡流、自由分子流,为研究不同流动机制下的煤层瓦斯流动规律,在充分考虑了不同扩散机制和滑移边界条件后,建立了适用于不同流动机制的煤层瓦斯流动方程,深入分析了视渗透率和达西渗透率的比值随Knudsen数的变化关系。研究结果表明:所提出的煤层瓦斯流动方程能准确描述包括达西流、滑流、自由分子流、过渡流在内的气体流动行为。瓦斯气体在煤层孔隙、裂隙中流动过程中浓度扩散和粘性流同时存在,当Kn<0.01时,粘性流起主导作用,瓦斯流动满足渗流方程;当Kn>10时,浓度扩散起主导作用,瓦斯流动符合扩散方程;在Kn的其他范围内,煤层孔隙裂隙中瓦斯流动以滑流、过渡流为主,在对之进行评价时应同时考虑扩散项和渗流项。研究结果可为揭示煤层瓦斯流动机理、提高煤层瓦斯抽采率和煤层气的产量预测准确度提供新方法和新途径。     

CHEMICAL METHOD OF PREVENTING LOSS OF INDUSTRIAL AND FRESH WATERS FROM PONDS,LAKES AND CANALS1

Preventing or markedly reducing the loss of aqueous fluids from a variety of reservoirs is becoming increasingly important. Fear of pollution from industrial waters and sewage impoundments as well as the economic factors involved in loss of fresh water add impact to this problem. This paper reviews the seriousness of the problem and methods that have been used to reduce loss of fluid are discussed. New materials for control of water loss are constantly being advocated, and chemical research has provided new systems that work extremely well. These systems, which combine unique chemicals and novel methods of application, are described. Specific case histories are also included.     

GROUND WATER SEEPAGE IN LAKE WASHINGTON AND THE UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN,FLORIDA1

Direct ground water seepage measurements were made in Lake Washington, Florida, to determine the importance of seepage as a water and chloride source to the lake and upper St. Johns River. Over 200 seepage measurements were made in the lake and adjoining canals from July through December 1978. Results indicated that seepage into the shore areas of Lake Washington was an insignificant water source to the lake, representing 0.6 percent of the inputs, and was nearly balanced by ground water recharge in the midlake region. Drainage canals entering Lake Washington, however, exhibited high average seepage rates (17.7 L/m²-day), over eight times the lake average (2.01 L/M²-day). Discharge from the St. Johns River was the dominant factor in the water budget of Lake Washington and represented approximately 88 percent of the inputs during the study year. Although inputs from the drainage canals represented only 6.6 percent of the St. Johns River annual discharge, these canals represented 20.4 percent of the annual St. Johns River chloride loading and 62.1 percent of the river chloride loading during the five driest months of 1978. Evidence from this study indicates that rising levels of chloride in the river in recent years are largely attributable to ground water seepage in channelized areas, particularly in the headwaters. These chloride inputs assume greater importance during low water/low flow periods.     

基于Fluent软件的尾矿坝体渗流污染模拟研究

简要分析尾矿渗流污染过程,尾矿坝体是主要渗流治理对象,运用传质原理,引入尾矿废水与污染物之间的曳力系数,提出污染物传质速度与废水速度计算公式,进而改进浸润线计算公式,利用Gambit软件建立了尾矿坝渗流的二维几何模拟模型,将尾矿坝内部的尾粉砂和尾粉土理化特性常数输入Fluent模拟多孔介质模式,模拟废水在其中的流动状态,对比分析污染物在尾矿坝的污染情况.依据模拟结果,分析了尾矿坝废水速度场和压力场,结合公式推测污染情况和浸润线变化.     

周边建筑受袁家岭车站深基坑影响的模拟研究

为了研究长沙地铁袁家岭车站基坑对其周边建筑(电信公司2号楼)的影响,采用ABAQUS软件建立了三维有限元模型,土体考虑摩尔-库仑弹塑性和渗透性,周边建筑按总荷载被等效转换为地表压强,围护结构水平支撑被转换为等效压强或位移,模拟土体应力释放和降水渗流作用。此外,还模拟了补水回灌过程和潜水面下降对地表沉降的影响。在此基础上,本文预测并评估了周边建筑地基的沉降量和影响范围,提出了相应的建筑沉降控制标准,为长沙地铁的安全施工提供了参考。     

面板砂砾石坝异常渗流及破坏机制探讨

利用非饱和土渗流理论,对沟后面板砂砾石坝进行了三维渗流场分析.通过渗流计算表明:渗注场受面板纵向缝止水失效的影响不大,仅仅呈现垂直人渗的特征.面板顶部与防浪墙接缝止水失效单独作用时仅能饱和坝体顶部小范围土体.面板在一定范围与坝体脱开、坝体填料渗流性质各向异性、库水位漫过防浪墙底板,这些异常情况的组合导致了坝体渗透破坏.异常状态渗流发生时,坝体顶部区域饱和,而坝体中部仍存在非饱和区,坝体下部饱和区相应点处孔隙水压力值则无明显提高.