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671.
Fuzzy数学在人－机－环境系统工程研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孙洪元 《中国安全科学学报》1995,5(6):33-33
综述了模糊数学在航天人机环境系统工程中的应用和发展。内容包括急性缺氧反应综合评定，人机系统中的控制模型，通风服研制和鉴定以及人体。心脏功能评价等研究领域中模糊数学的应用方法和作用。其研究方法对于一般人机工程的建模和分析具有积极意义。 相似文献
672.
通用系统管理(GSM)是综合模块化航电(IMA)系统服务中不可或缺的一部分,为解决传统安全性分析方法难以捕获复杂系统中组件交互所带来的危险。首先,研究GSM的工作环境及相关组件的功能划分,确定层次化系统管理的工作流程;其次,面向GSM建立基于系统理论事故过程的扩展模型,并通过系统理论过程分析(STPA)对动态重构实例的不安全控制行为(UCA)进行识别,生成相关致因场景及其对应的安全性需求;最后,通过时间自动机对实例进行仿真验证。结果表明:模型的逻辑和时序的完整性及UCA的可达性,可为GSM的安全性分析提供形式化依据。 相似文献
673.
674.
层次分析法的改进及在安全决策中应用的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
曲生 《中国安全生产科学技术》2009,5(5):111-114
本文根据化工行业的特点及调研资料,建立了影响安全的层次结构模型即安全指标体系。并利用改进式层次分析法（IAHP）对该体系进行分析,得出了各个因素对安全的影响系数（权重）。 相似文献
675.
指出了Ⅱ系统烧结机机尾CSF型收尘系统投入使用以来存在的问题 ,并对存在的问题作了详细分析 ,最后针对问题提出了相应的改进措施 相似文献
676.
Toxic loads and explosion overpressure loads pose grave threats to the offshore oil and gas industry. Many safety measures are adopted to prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts caused by toxic loads and explosion overpressure loads. As a general safety barrier, the process protection system has been widely used but rarely evaluated. In order to assess the barrier ability, the mitigation performance of the process protection system is concerned in this study. Firstly, several chain accidents of H2S-containing natural gas leakage and explosion are simulated by varying the response time of the process protection system with CFD code FLACS. Qualitative assessment is conducted based on the variation of the dangerous load profiles. Furthermore, the quantitative assessment of the mitigation performance is accomplished by considering its ability in reducing the probability of fatality. Emergency evacuation and no emergency evacuation are considered respectively in the quantitative assessment. The results prove that the process protection system takes effect on mitigating the toxic impact and explosion overpressure impact. The results also demonstrate that although the emergency evacuation may result in a severer explosion load to the operator, the process protection system can mitigate the adverse impacts regardless of whether the emergency evacuation is conducted or not. 相似文献
677.
The assessment of the frequencies of release from piping due to losses of containment is an essential step in the preparing Safety Reports, drawn up as required by the so-called “Seveso” Directive. These are usually calculated starting from the frequencies of random rupture included in international databases and are not plant-specific, furthermore, the quantification of the effect of the safety management system of the facility is not easy. A simple and flexible approach quantifying technical and management characteristics of the plant has been proposed by Milazzo and co-workers in 2010; it is based on the modification of the frequency taken from literature, through the use of the percentages of failure causes actually possible in that plant, and the judgment about their management. The data about the failure causes are taken from the literature and modified by using corrective factors to adapt them to the industrial context. To make possible the application of the method to a large number of major-hazard industry types, some aspects of the approach needed to be improved; these have been identified during a development project coordinated by RINA Consulting, on behalf of Saipem, with the collaboration of the University of Messina. The improvement of the approach focused on two main points, the development of a method to calculate the corrective factors for the failure causes associated with corrosion and erosion phenomena and the strengthening of the methodology for the formulation of the judgment about the safety management. This paper illustrates the fully improved method, as well as an application to a typical gas storage plant. 相似文献
678.
Brian F. Gore 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):339-351
Human Performance Modeling (HPM) is a computer-aided job analysis software methodology used to generate predictions of complex humanautomation integration and system flow patterns with the goal of improving operator and system safety. The use of HPM tools has recently been increasing due to reductions in computational cost, augmentations in the tool’s fidelity, and usefulness in the generated output. An examination of an Air Man-machine Integration Design and Analysis System (Air MIDAS) model evaluating complex human-automation integration currently underway at NASA Ames Research Center will highlight the importance to occupational safety of considering both cognitive and physical aspects of performance when researching human error. 相似文献
679.
Common cause failure describes a condition where several components share the same source of failure that causes them to fail or become unavailable simultaneously. The objective of this paper is to present an improved approach to common cause failure modelling within reliability analyses. The currently used methods allow one component to share common characteristics with only one group of components, which may be affected by the same source of failure. Therefore, an improved method was developed, where components can be assigned to several groups of components that are susceptible to faulty operation with respect to their similar characteristics. A mathematical derivation of the method is presented and the theory is applied to smaller theoretical samples and to a simplified real example. The results show that the new method enables a more detailed reliability analysis. The results prove that consideration of common cause failures using the improved method may decrease the system reliability compared to traditional common cause failure consideration. The system reliability decreases more, if the redundant components have more similarities and are therefore assigned to several common cause failure groups. 相似文献
680.
为进一步保障铁路运营安全,调研分析铁路列车调度员疲劳因素,首先,针对铁路调度员工作内容的特点,在查阅相关文献、咨询调度专家、人因工程专家的基础上,建立列车调度员疲劳致因评价指标体系,该指标体系包括工作内容、轮岗安排、人员素质、外界因素4个一级指标和18个二级指标;其次,采用自适应加权的层次分析法(AWAHP)计算不同专家自身评价的权重,并求得最终指标的加权权重;最后,以某铁路局调度中心为例,运用AWAHP综合评价调度员疲劳致因指标的权重。结果表明：应急突发处置、作业时间段、持续作业时间、线路繁忙程度、工作复杂程度是影响调度员疲劳的显著因素,有效识别铁路列车调度员疲劳的关键因素,并针对关键因素进行分析与对策建议。 相似文献