Metal Levels in Raccoon Tissues: Differences On and Off the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina

Levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, selenium, and strontium⁸⁸ were examined in heart, kidney, muscle, spleen and liver of raccoons (Procyon lotor) from four areas on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), including near a former reactor cooling reservoir and a coal ash basin, and from public hunting areas within 15 km of the site. Mercury is mentioned briefly because it is discussed more fully in another paper. We test the hypotheses that there are no differences in metal levels between raccoons on SRS and off the SRS (off-site), and among different locations on the SRS. Although raccoons collected off-site had significantly lower levels of mercury and selenium in both the liver and kidney, there were few consistencies otherwise. There were significantly higher levels of cadmium in liver of on-site compared to off-site raccoons, and significantly higher levels of chromium and strontium⁸⁸ in kidney of on-site compared to off-site raccoons. Copper and manganese were highest in the liver; cadmium, lead, mercury and selenium were highest in the liver and kidney; chromium was highest in the spleen and muscle; arsenic was highest in the heart, and strontium⁸⁸ was slightly higher in the kidney than other organs. Where there were significant differences on site, chromium, manganese were highest in raccoon tissues from Steel Creek; arsenic, lead and selenium were highest in the Ash Basin; cadmium was highest at Upper Three Runs; and strontium⁸⁸ was highest at Upper Three Runs and Steel Creek. The patterns were far from consistent.     

Concentrations of Cadmium, Mercury and Selenium in Blood, Liver and Kidney of Common Eider Ducks from the Canadian Arctic

We determined concentrations of selected trace elements inlivers, kidneys and blood samples from common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) from the eastern Canadianarctic during 1997 and 1998. Concentrations of totalmercury and organic mercury were generally low in the liversof these birds (less than 6 and 4 g g^–1 dry wt,respectively). Selenium ranged between 11–47 g g^–1 inlivers. Renal cadmium concentrations were among the highestever published for this species (range: 47–281 g g^–1). The regressions of log-transformed concentrations ofthese trace elements in blood samples on those in liver orkidney were significant (all P-values < 0.05) andpositive. However, except for organic mercury (RM ² = 0.83), the co-efficients of determination were low tomoderate (range of R ²: 0.26–0.52), suggesting poorto moderate predictive capability. Furthermore, therelationships between total mercury in blood and liverchanged between 1997 and 1998, suggesting that it would notbe possible to predict consistently, concentrations ofmercury in blood from those in liver based on samples takenin one year. Blood samples can be used to determineconcentrations of these trace elements in common eiders (andprobably other sea duck species as well). The use of bloodsamples is especially warranted when it is undesirable tokill the animal such as when working with rare or endangeredsea duck species or when the objective is to relate traceelement exposure to annual survival rates. However, thepredictive equations developed here should not be used topredict expected concentrations in one type of tissue fromthose in the other.     

酸性土壤有效态硒浸提方法的研究

本文提出了酸性土壤有效硒的0.1MKH_2PO_4浸提法.土壤和植物的分析结果表明:0.1MKH_2PO_4浸提有效态硒能反映土壤对植物的供硒状况.黑麦幼苗试验进一步证明KH_2PO_4浸提有效态硒可以作为酸性土壤有效硒的指标.     

Selenium in the Blackfoot, Salt, and Bear River Watersheds

Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River, Salt River, and Bear River watersheds in southeast Idaho, USA were sampled in May 2001 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water quality characteristics such as pH, hardness, and specific conductance were relatively uniform among the nine sites. Of the aquatic components assessed, water was the least contaminated with selenium because measured concentrations were below the national water quality criterion of 5 g/L at eight of the nine sites. In contrast, selenium was elevated in sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from several sites, suggesting deposition in sediments and food web cycling through plants and invertebrates. Selenium was elevated to concentrations of concern in fish at eight sites (> 4 g/g in whole body). A hazard assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment suggested a moderate hazard at upper Angus Creek (UAC) and Smoky Creek (SC), and high hazard at Little Blackfoot River (LiB), Blackfoot River gaging station (BGS), State Land Creek (SLC), upper (UGC) and lower Georgetown Creek (LGC), Deer Creek (DC), and Crow Creek (CC). The results of this study indicate that selenium concentrations from the phosphate mining area of southeast Idaho were sufficiently elevated in several ecosystem components to cause adverse effects to aquatic resources in southeastern Idaho.     

城市居民血硒含量与健康水平的相关性

采用新极谱法对辽宁省本溪市居民的全血样品进行了硒含量的测定，其中健康人１９８例，血硒含量为１９０．７±４３．４μｇ／Ｌ，男，女各９９例，血硒含量分别为１８７．１×１．３０４μｇ／Ｌ和１８４．１×１．２２７μｇ／Ｌ，病人１８３例，包括血液病，癌症，凡血管疾病，黄疸性肝炎，糖尿病，矽肺。     

冶炼烟气含硒量检测方法的探讨和实践

论述了冶炼烟气中含硒量特别是气态硒检测的方法，并对有效选用采样仪器，抽气体积，吸收液等关键问题做了具有针对性的分析探讨。     

黄丝草镉污染毒害及硒的缓解作用

研究了黄丝草(Potamogeton maackianus)培养过程中的Cd毒害及其Se的缓解作用.Se能缓解Cd胁迫导致的黄丝草叶绿素含量的降低、细胞膜透性增加和丙二醛(MDA)的积累.与单一的Cd处理相比,加入10mg/L Se后,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性有不同程度的增强,过氧化物酶(POD)活性有所减弱,表明它增强了对活性氧的清除能力,缓解了Cd对膜的伤害.可溶性蛋白含量则保持较高的水平,脯氨酸含量刚好相反,说明Se增强了黄丝草对Cd胁迫的抗性.然而,Se缓解Cd对黄丝草的毒害是有一定限度的,在富Se黄丝草的繁殖过程中,需及时检查重金属污染情况,防止重金属在饵料中的富集,以免造成对渔业的危害.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定污水中的砷和硒

用HNO3-HClO4消解液消解水样,断续流动进样,在KBH4-酸体系中,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定污水中的砷和硒。在含浓盐酸2．0mL的介质中加入硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液5mL,在温度高于15℃时放置30min后,以15g/L KBH4溶液为还原剂,5％(体积分数)HCl为载流测定砷、硒荧光强度。在最佳实验条件下,砷、硒的相对标准偏差分别小于4％和2％,检出限分别为0．89μg／L和0．51μg／L,加标回收率分别为91．5％～101．2％和94．0％～100．5％。该方法精密度高、测定结果稳定,达到环境监测要求。     

电厂煤燃烧后元素硒的分布及对环境的贡献

对电厂煤、除尘器飞灰、渣及不同粒径的烟道飞灰中痕量元素硒进行研究.化学分析表明,硒在渣和除尘器飞灰中亏损而在细飞灰中富集,尤其在>19.0μm的飞灰中明显富集,富集系数达到5.15,造成这种现象的原因一是挥发性元素的挥发-凝结作用,二是燃烧产物在燃烧气流中停留的时间,三与飞灰颗粒形态有关,>19.0μm的飞灰中多孔颗粒可能是造成其富集的原因.逐级化学提取实验表明,煤中硒主要具有机相关性(69.7%),这也是硒挥发性高的一个主要原因;物质平衡计算显示煤中16.5%的硒随气流直接排放入大气,细飞灰中的硒只占1.1%,且大部分在>19.0μm的飞灰中,影响范围小,渣中硒对周围环境的影响更小,飞灰中的硒具有一定的迁移性,也许可以用来改善缺硒土壤.     

原子荧光光度法测定保健食品中硒的不确定度评定研究

根据(JJF 1059.1-2012),建立了原子荧光度法测定保健食品中硒不确定度数学模型,分析了整个过程中各种不确定度的影响因素。量化各不确定度分量,计算合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。为检测机构实验室质量管理体系正常运行提供参考资料。本次测量结果为0.822±0.04 mg/kg,合成相对不确定度值为0.022 7;扩展不确定度为0.04 mg/kg,最大的不确定度是样品重复测定引起,其次是标准曲线拟合引起的不确定度。