防治电子垃圾污染的立法初探

在处理电子垃圾污染的问题上,收处理体系极不成熟,从而导致污染失控、资源浪费等一系列问题.西方发达国家也曾面临同样的问题,但经过多年的努力已在治理电子垃圾污染过程中积累了许多有益的经验,并且大都有了较为完善的立法.在此,将这些先进经验加以分析借鉴,为中国在相关立法方面提供有益的启示,使立法具有合理性和可操作性.     

排污单位自行监测监督检查技术研究

排污单位自行监测监督检查对于环境管理具有重要意义。美国分别对废水、废气污染源自行监测监督检查技术有具体要求,而中国针对自行监测的监督检查技术发展不足。笔者在借鉴国内外经验的基础上,提出了基于数据分析和现场检查2种监督检查方式,并阐述了2种检查方式的重点内容。基于数据分析的监督检查包括数据标识判别、单源数据分析和多源数据分析等;基于现场检查的监督检查包括监测活动实施、监测仪器设备、质量控制方案、现场操作规范性、监测结果可比性等。结合自行监测检查的实际情况,从提高效率和可操作性的角度,提出了自行监测监督检查实施路线。     

汽车回收中实施生产者责任延伸制手段研究

对废旧汽车的回收管理的研究一直是国内外汽车发展研究的重点之一。随着各国"生产者责任延伸制度"在汽车回收行业的实施,汽车回收利用管理工作进入了一个新的阶段。文章对生产者责任延伸制度的定义和责任内容进行了探讨,并分析了基于生产者责任延伸制度的汽车回收管理在国外的实施情况。探讨了在汽车回收管理中的生产者责任延伸制的实施手段。根据我国汽车回收的现状,并参照国外先进的经验,提出了在我国实行基于生产者责任延伸制度的汽车回收管理的具体对策。     

基于碳减排成本的我国省域碳补偿机制

合理界定碳排放责任,开展省域间碳补偿是促进区域协同减排的重要途径.基于2017年多区域投入产出表,使用增加值贸易分解方法对各省市碳排放进行了分解,测算了省域间的隐含碳流动,并设计了基于减排成本的差异化碳补偿机制,为我国开展横向碳补偿提供了参考.结果表明：(1)省内最终需求引致碳排放占比53.56%、省外最终需求引致碳排放占比32.49%,省域间隐含碳流动显著存在;(2)隐含碳总体呈现出从北部、中部地区向京津地区和东南沿海地区转移的显著流动特征;(3)生产者、消费者和责任共担视角下各省市的碳排放总量相等,其中责任共担的分配思路体现了“受益原则”.(4)省域间碳减排成本存在差异,碳减排成本低的地区直接碳排放量高,产业以重工业为主,碳减排成本高的地区直接碳排放量低,产业以高新技术产业和服务业为主.(5)基于减碳成本各省市需支付(接受)的补偿金额不等,其中,广东需支付的补偿金额最高,内蒙古的受偿金额最高.     

环境侵权民事责任浅探

阐述了环境侵权民事责任的构成要件，分析了环境侵权民事责任的特点及责任方式，提出了有关环境侵以损害赔偿法律制度的建议，如扩大环境侵权民事责任外延，加重赔偿额度，具体蛤确责任主体等。     

环境刑事责任的实现

本文从环境刑事法律责任在环境刑法中的地位入手,对我国环境刑事责任的理论研究作了分析,指出我国环境刑事责任实现存在的问题,并在此基础上提出完善我国环境刑事责任实现的对策。     

Corporate social responsibility: sustainable water use

Freshwater scarcity is no longer limited to sub-Saharan developing countries; also in Western society, access to unlimited amounts of freshwater is not assured at all times. It has been argued - and laid down in many national legal systems - that access to freshwater is a basic human right. What if corporate freshwater use threatens to interfere with this human right? The main focus of the article is to explore the role of today’s companies in relation to freshwater. A number of tools have been developed to attend to the necessity to reduce corporate use of freshwater. The article discusses specialised water reporting instruments such as the 2007 Global Water Tool and the ‘water footprint’ calculation method. In addition, attention is paid to a CERES report (2010) revealing that the majority of the 100 world’s leading companies in water-intensive industries still has weak management and disclosures of water-related risks and opportunities. To obtain concrete information about corporate water strategies and practices, an explorative analysis was conducted on 20 Dutch multinational companies. The article highlights various innovative practices. In sum, it is demonstrated that companies are expected to bear responsibility for their impact on water resources, in particular when it influences public access to water in areas with freshwater scarcity and/or weak government. Notwithstanding the critical conclusions of the CERES report, it is interesting to see an evolution in corporate research concerning sustainable water use and the development of greener products and greener ways of production.     

国际贸易隐含碳研究文献综述

随着全球经济化和贸易化进程的加快,国际社会对贸易中的隐含碳这一热点问题进行了大量研究.梳理了隐含碳的概念及估算方法,首先对隐含碳概念以及渊源进行阐述;其次,归纳分析3种碳排放责任的认定原则,由此判定共同负责制应是断定一国隐含碳责任的依据;第三,对目前3种估算隐含碳的方法进行比较分析;最后对贸易与环境的影响关系研究进行评述.     

Voluntary corporate environmental initiatives and shareholder wealth

Researchers debate whether environmental investments reduce firm value or actually improve financial performance. We provide some compelling evidence on shareholder wealth effects of membership in voluntary environmental programs (VEPs). Companies announcing membership in EPA's Climate Leaders, a program targeting reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, experience significantly negative abnormal stock returns. The price decline is larger in firms with poor corporate governance structures, and for high market-to-book (i.e., high growth) firms. However, firms joining Ceres, a program involving more general environmental commitments, have insignificant announcement returns, as do portfolios of industry rivals. Overall, corporate commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions appear to conflict with firm value maximization. This has important implications for policies that rely on voluntary initiatives to address climate change. Further, we find that firms facing climate-related shareholder resolutions or firms with weak corporate governance standards – giving managers the discretion to make such voluntary environmentally responsible investment decisions – are more likely to join Climate Leaders; decisions that may result in lower firm value.     

安全管理堵与疏(2)——安全管理的经济分析

在安全管理越来越得到重视的今天，安全责任追究力度越来越大，政府和官员对安全管理更多倾向于采取自我保护式的高压和严惩。这种管理模式在各方利益主体的博弈下，使得安全管理的目标与结果产生变异，甚至会产生不愿看到的结果。事实上安全管理制度运行的成本是巨大的，单靠严惩是不能解决问题的。本文运用博弈理论、新制度经济学、信息经济学、机制设计理论等经济学方法，对安全管理的运行机制进行分析，认为安全管理必须理性预防，堵疏结合，通过设计符合客观规律的安全管理运行机制，方能确保安全生产。