Mountains and Handrails: Risk,Meaning, and Responsibility in Three National Parks

Where we live, the relationships we maintain, or the experiences we have can tell us about the way we perceive risk and the responsibility for its management. Perceptions of risk and responsibility are particularly relevant in US national parks, where unintentional injury is prevalent, yet support exists for allowing risk exposure. If experiencing risk may be both desirable (e.g., self-affirming) and undesirable (e.g., injury-causing), what is its role in a national park? Moreover, what are the expectations for visitors to encounter or to avoid it? In-depth interviews with National Park Service employees suggest that desired risk is contingent upon the circumstances in which it is encountered, and the values and prior experience of individuals. Employees perceive visitors as responsible for avoiding undesirable risk through information seeking and awareness, but also recognize considerable barriers to doing so. Theoretical and practical implications and avenues for future research are presented.     

Education for sustainable development – an inter‐disciplinary pilot module for undergraduate engineers and scientists

The coming together of a number of initiatives provided a springboard for an innovative pilot programme in education for sustainable development. For some time problem‐based learning has gathered momentum as an approach to educating professionals. More recently, there has been a burgeoning interest in inter‐disciplinary approaches to the complex societal and environmental issues that face the world as a whole. At the same time, professional engineering institutions have been reflecting on appropriate approaches to the education and development of future engineers. Building on work already undertaken by some of the authors, the Royal Academy of Engineering sponsored an inter‐disciplinary pilot programme in sustainable development for undergraduate engineers and scientists in the University of Manchester. The pilot was innovative not only in its inter‐disciplinary approach to sustainable development but also in its approach to the development of the curriculum. Inter‐disciplinary exercises were designed that enabled a contextual, active, collaborative and cumulative approach to learning. The assessment was also designed to align to the learning approach. Evaluation of the pilot programme suggests that it was well received by the students, and the post‐doctoral researchers who acted as facilitators, and also that there were gains in both understanding of the issues and also in approaches to learning.     

Carbon Embodied in International Trade of China and Its Emission Responsibility

Abstract

Carbon emissions embodied in international trade of China during 1997–2007 are accounted by input–output method based on Chinese input–output table and global trade analysis project database. It is revealed that carbon emissions embodied in imports and exports both increased during 1997–2007, but carbon emissions embodied in exports are greater than those embodied in imports, China is a net export nation in embodied carbon. The net exports of embodied carbon account for about 10.82% of the total carbon emissions in 1997, dropped to 7.15% in 2002, increased to 13.13% in 2006, and slightly dropped to 12.64% in 2007. Low-end position of international industry division is an objective factor of being a net exporter of embodied carbon for China, and usage of a large amount of obsolete energy-using equipments wasted much energy and increased carbon emissions embodied in exports. Importers should take more responsibilities for carbon emissions embodied in trade, and China should take a certain responsibility for unreasonable energy dissipations too.     

工会组织必须承担起和履行好劳动保护监督检查的历史重任和神圣职责

本文就思想认识、安全投入、安全法制建设等方面,详实地论述了工会组织在企业安全生产、劳动保护监督检查中的地位、作用及历史赋予的职责。     

基于企业自愿信息披露的生产者责任延伸履责绩效评价

企业自愿信息披露旨在通过公共对话和组织策略,促进企业与社会沟通,探索合作创新途径。这种机制体现了当前社会治理机制转型的方向。生产者责任延伸制度(Extended Producer Responsibility,简称EPR)中的信息责任是这一转型趋势的具体表现。基于企业自愿披露的可持续发展信息评价其EPR履责绩效,可以促进企业主动从产品全生命周期的角度全面履行生产者改善产品环境属性,尤其是废弃产品管理的责任,从而改变目前过度依赖政府监管和推动的局限。本文针对2017年国务院办公厅发布的“生产者责任延伸制度推行方案”中所涉及的电器电子、汽车、铅酸蓄电池和包装材料四大产品领域,以全球报告倡议组织(Global Reporting Initiative,简称GRI)数据库中的企业可持续发展报告资料为基础,辅以企业官方网站上自愿发布的可持续发展报告,采用文本分析方法,结合EPR制度的具体要求,建立生产者EPR履责绩效评价体系。结果显示:①按照GRI信息披露框架开展信息披露的企业,其可持续发展报告中的信息可以覆盖EPR制度的各项具体要求;②信息披露质量在企业之间和行业之间存在较大的差异,电器电子产品领域的信息披露和得分情况明显好于其他三个产品领域。结论中提出以企业自愿信息披露为切入点,构建企业与公共交流的平台,推动生产企业主动参与EPR制度建设,不断提升产品全生命周期的环境表现。     

Corporate Environmental Responsibility and Global Online Cross-sector Alliance Network: A Cross-national Study

With the rise of global environmental issues and the emerging trend of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporation–non-governmental organization (NGO) alliances, organizations are developing collaborative alliances across sectors and nations to address environment problems. An international perspective is needed to explain the global structure of cross-sector alliance networks and the divergence or similarity of CSR communication across nations. This exploratory study draws insights from the national business systems (NBS) approach and applies social network analysis to examine the cross-sector alliance network among Global 500 Fortune corporations and 441 environmental international NGOs. Findings suggest that (1) an NBS approach to CSR can explain the network structural features of a cross-sector alliance network; (2) political context and national education level strongly predict green partnerships; and (3) regional differences are apparent in the global network, with Asian corporations lagging behind in cross-sector alliance building.     

新时期加强高校消防安全责任制落实的对策研究——以华中地区部分高校为例

为了深入探究当前高校消防安全责任制落实情况,本文通过文献梳理、问卷调查等研究方法,对华中地区20所高校进行问卷调查,调查显示当前高校消防安全责任制落实方面存在消防安全责任制管理机制不健全、二级单位责任制落实缺乏主动性和有效性、责任制落实缺乏量化考核机制以及宣传有效性不够等问题,并有针对性地就如何加强高校消防安全责任制落实提出对策及建议。     

走向未来的一个战略问题——山东省人口、资源、环境协调发展的回顾与展望

山东是人口和资源大省,当前面临着人口、资源与环境三大问题,为了谋求经济社会持续、稳定、协调发展,要提高对人口、资源、环境三者关系再认识,将它作为复杂的巨系统进行分析、研究,并制定相应的政策和措施,各级领导必须强化人口、资源与环境意识和目标责任制,提高管理水平,以促进未来发展。     

在中国发展环境会计的局限性分析

建立和发展环境会计是中国贯彻可持续发展战略的必然选择和重要保障.环境会计产生并形成于西方国家,目前中国尚未形成适合中国国情的环境会计体系,环境会计的研究在中国仍处于理论探讨阶段,无法在实践中运用.环境会计研究需要在引进西方国家研究成果的基础上不断的自我创新,自我完善.因此应该结合中国的国情和环境会计的学科特点,从环境会计产生的理论基础,传统会计的局限性,企业对环境责任履行不足三个方面分析环境会计在中国的发展创新受到限制的原因.只有正视这些阻碍环境会计在中国发展的局限性,环境会计才能在理论上进一步完善,在实践中真正运用.     

The effects of managerial and employee attributions for corporate social responsibility initiatives

Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) can affect employees, we know little about how it affects them. Employees' interpretation of CSR is important because of the paradoxical nature of CSR. When firms operate in ways that seem counter to their nature (i.e., pursuit of social good rather than profit), the causal attributions of affected employees are crucial to understanding their work‐related behavior, as is the role of contextual factors such as leadership processes in shaping these attributions. Drawing from attribution and social learning theories, we develop a multilevel social influence theory of how CSR affects employees. We integrate managers as second observers in the baseline actor (i.e., firm)—observer (i.e., employee) dyad, whereas most attribution theory research has focused on single actor–observer dyads. Multisource field data collected from 427 employees and 45 managers were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Managers' genuine (self‐serving) CSR attributions are positively related to employees' genuine (self‐serving) CSR attributions; and the strength of the relationship between managers' and employees' genuine CSR attributions depends on managers' organizational tenure. Employees' genuine CSR attributions also are positively related to employee advocacy, whereas—interestingly—employees' self‐serving CSR attributions do not appear to harm employee advocacy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.