Photodegradation of α-naphthaleneacetic acid in aqueous solution

Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎα ｎａｐｈｔｈａｌｅｎｅａｃｅｔｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＮＡＡ)ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐｌａｎｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｕｓｅｄｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔｏｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｔｈｅｐｒｅｈａｒｖｅｓｔｄｒｏｐｏｆａｐｐｌｅｓｂｕｔａｌｓｏａｓａｆｒｕｉｔｔｈｉｎｎｉｎｇａｇｅｎｔ (Ｗｏｒｔｈｉｎｇ ,1991) .ＭｕｃｈｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｏｒｋａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＮＡＡｏｎｐｌａｎｔｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ(Ｓｐｅｅｒ,1993;Ｈｉｄｅｙｏｓｈｉ,1993;Ｐｒａｓｄ ,1994 ) ,ｐｌａｎｔｇｒｏｗｔｈａ…     

铁-草酸配合物光分解降解活性染料的研究

研究了铁（Ⅲ)-草酸配合物在可见光及太阳光照射下，对活性染料的光解降解作用。结果表明，在pH=4．0、Fe(Ⅲ)／H2E2O4=0．060mmol／L／2．88mmol／L(草酸分2次加入)、光照3h的条件下，20mg／L的活性红的降解率为97．5％。溶液pH值、铁与草酸浓度比和活性染料浓度均对降解效果产生影响。     

酸性红3B的杂多酸光催化降解动力学

以杂多酸Pw₁₂O^3-₄₀为催化剂,研究了酸性红3B的光催化降解动力学.光强、催化剂浓度、酸性红3B初始浓度对光催化的速率均有正效应其中,光解速率与光强、酸性红3B初始浓度成正比;在催化剂浓度不大(吸光值<2)时,光解速率与催化剂投加量成正比体系中的溶解氧对催化剂起到氧化再生作用;驱氧条件下,由于催化剂再生受到抑制,光解速率减慢Pw₁₂O^3-₄₀光催化降解酸性红3B的动力学符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,溶液中催化剂和酸性红3B之间存在预络合作用,达到平衡后发生光氧化.与UV/TiO₂法相比,uV/PW₁₂O^3-₄₀法降解有机物的速率更快.     

天然水体溶解性物质对5种抗生素光解的影响

建立了分析水体溶解性物质对抗生素光解影响的方法,对比研究了8种典型天然水体成分对3类5种抗生素光解的影响及其作用机制.结果表明,不同水体成分对不同抗生素光解影响呈现很大的差异性.甲砜霉素主要发生间接光解,纯水中光解速率只有1.33×10^-5min^-1,而其他抗生素则同时发生直接光解和间接光解.水体成分中NO₃^-,Fe²⁺和Cl^-主要通过光致活性物种（·OH和¹O₂）影响抗生素光解,DOM主要通过滤光作用影响抗生素光解.另外Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺对不同抗生素的光解影响主要通过其与抗生素分子的络合作用实现,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺分别促进了恩氟沙星光解（0.3933min^-1和0.2314min^-1）,但一定程度上抑制了沙拉沙星的光解（0.0447min^-1和0.0289min^-1）.     

UV_(254)降解水中双氯芬酸的动力学及机理研究

研究了254 nm紫外光照(UV_(254))对水中双氯芬酸(DCF)的降解,考察了pH、天然有机物质(NOM)和硝酸盐(NO_3~-)对DCF光解的影响;探讨了DCF的光解产物和转化机理;最后,研究了DCF在实际水体中的去除.结果表明,DCF在UV_(254)辐射下发生快速降解,其光解遵循准一级反应动力学模型.在研究的pH范围内,DCF降解效率基本相同,其表观速率常数在5.9×10~(-3)cm~2·mJ~(-1)左右.NOM的存在会抑制DCF的光解,且NOM浓度越高,抑制作用越明显,这主要是由于NOM和DCF竞争入射的紫外光子.NO_3~-在UV_(254)光照下可被激发产生羟基自由基,故NO_3~-的存在可以明显促进DCF的降解.DCF在实际水体中的去除效率与纯水中的基本类似,在紫外光用量为320 mJ·cm~(-2)时,大约83%1μmol·L~(-1)DCF被去除.在UV_(254)光解DCF反应中,共检测到12种降解产物,基于这些检出的反应产物提出DCF可能的光解机理主要包括6种不同的转化路径,分别为脱氯环化、脱羧基反应、甲酰化反应、脱氯羟基化、脱氯氢化和醌化反应.     

微波无极灯光解模拟CS2废气

利用自行研制的微波无极灯对模拟二硫化碳废气进行光解.结果表明,微波无极灯光解CS₂的效率随其初始浓度的增加而降低;停留时间是影响CS₂转化率的重要因素;体系中水汽的增加有利于光解效率的提高.当管道气体流速为0.2 m/s,初始浓度约100 mg/m³,湿度约40％时,微波无极汞灯光解CS₂的效率可达75%以上;微波无极碘灯对CS₂的光解效率亦达到50%以上.同时探讨了CS₂光解的反应机理,主要是紫外光直接光解和·OH自由基氧化的共同作用.     

Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)

Fluorochemicals (FCs) are oxidatively recalcitrant, environmentally persistent, and resistant to most conventional treatment technologies. FCs have unique physiochemical properties derived from fluorine which is the most electronegative element. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have been detected globally in the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Reducing treatment technologies such as reverses osmosis, nano-filtration and activated carbon can remove FCs from water. However, incineration of the concentrated waste is required for complete FC destruction. Recently, a number of alternative technologies for FC decomposition have been reported. The FC degradation technologies span a wide range of chemical processes including direct photolysis, photocatalytic oxidation, photochemical oxidation, photochemical reduction, thermally-induced reduction, and sonochemical pyrolysis. This paper reviews these FC degradation technologies in terms of kinetics, mechanism, energetic cost, and applicability. The optimal PFOS/PFOA treatment method is strongly dependent upon the FC concentration, background organic and metal concentration, and available degradation time.     

甲黄隆在有机溶剂中的光解

以中压汞灯为光源,研究了甲黄隆在甲醇和丙酮等有机溶剂中的光解动力学,结果表明均为一级反应。甲黄隆在甲醇中的光解速率与在水中相差不大,而丙酮可明显促进其光解。甲黄隆在甲醇中光解先断裂脲桥,生成磺酰胺和取代三嗪,磺酰胺继续光解生成苯甲酸甲酯和微量的硫酚。     

多环芳烃蒽、屈在水体中的光解动力学模拟研究

研究了紫外光和太阳光下蒽、在甲醇一水溶液中的光分解反应结果表明,水中较低浓度葱、的光解表观上呈一级反应动力学规律,微观上是二级反应的加和蒽和的光解速率常数随着温度升高、光照距离减小及水中溶解氧增加而增大,但与水中急和宏的初始浓度无关黄浦江沉积物作为悬浮物加入后蒽和的光解效率下降对蒽和光解速率的比较分析表明,多环芳烃光解速率常数与受光解物质的结构特性有关     

Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)

Fluorochemicals (FCs) are oxidatively recalcitrant, environmentally persistent, and resistant to most conventional treatment technologies. FCs have unique physiochemical properties derived from fluorine which is the most electronegative element. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have been detected globally in the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Reducing treatment technologies such as reverses osmosis, nano-filtration and activated carbon can remove FCs from water. However, incineration of the concentrated waste is required for complete FC destruction. Recently, a number of alternative technologies for FC decomposition have been reported. The FC degradation technologies span a wide range of chemical processes including direct photolysis, photocatalytic oxidation, photochemical oxidation, photochemical reduction, thermally-induced reduction, and sonochemical pyrolysis. This paper reviews these FC degradation technologies in terms of kinetics, mechanism, energetic cost, and applicability. The optimal PFOS/PFOA treatment method is strongly dependent upon the FC concentration, background organic and metal concentration, and available degradation time.