回归分析综合模型在农用地定级估价中的应用

为了使农用地级别划分和基准地价评估真正统一，以黄金坪水电站水库淹没区为例，将淹没区农用地划分为119个定级估价单元，在Arcmap／info，SPSS软件技术平台上，用回归分析法建立水库淹没区农用地定级因素与纯收益之间关系的综合模型，划分农用地级别，然后用收益还原法计算各级别基准地价。结果为：估算纯收益与实际纯收益间绝对误差为0．05元／m^2，相对误差为13．85％，相关系数达0．86；一级地价23元／m^2，二级地价19元／m^2，三级地价15元／m。，四级地价12元／m^2。表明：回归分析综合模型在淹没区农用地定级估价中取得了较理想的效果，使定级估价数据资料直接共享，省去了专家确定权重的难关，适合水库淹没区农用地市场不发育的现状。     

Effect of water pH and total dissolved solids on the species diversity of pelagic zooplankton in lakes: A statistical analysis

Statistical analysis of the combined influence of lake surface area (S), water pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS) on the formation of zooplankton communities in lakes has been made on the basis of available data on the number of species (N _sp ) of pelagic zooplankton in 256 lakes of the temperate zone of Europe, Asia, and North America. Graphic analysis and analysis of variance have shown that extremely high or extremely low values of pH and TDS inhibit lake zooplankton. If the value of one of these factors is extremely high, any increase in the other factor is favorable for the inhibited zooplankton, and this second factor determines the value of N _sp .     

万山汞矿区稻田土壤甲基汞的分布特征及其影响因素分析

运用等温气相色谱冷原子荧光技术(GC-CVAFS)对贵州万山汞矿区主要河流范围内稻田土壤甲基汞(MeHg)等含量进行了测定,并从区域层面对土壤甲基汞(MeHg)的分布特征及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:万山汞矿区稻田土壤MeHg和总汞(THg)含量范围分别为0.72~6.70ng/g和0.49~188.00μg/g,甲基化率范围为0.002%~0.470%;在水平空间分布上,6个检测区域的土壤MeHg含量均随着远离汞矿核心区而降低,但是不同区域之间的降低变化程度不尽相同。通过对稻田土壤SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、TS、TP、TN、有机质、pH等土壤性质与土壤MeHg以及甲基化率进行相关性分析发现,MeHg与THg、TS、TP、TN、有机质存在显著的正相关关系,与SiO2表现出显著性负相关,表明土壤甲基汞不但和总汞含量有关,还受到土壤其它理化因子,尤其是一些营养因子所控制。     

复垦红壤中牧草根际微生物群落功能多样性

通过盆栽试验研究了浙江省诸暨铜矿区复垦红壤牧草根际微生物生物量及群落功能多样性的变化.结果表明,种植不同牧草使矿区土壤根际微生物生物量碳发生了显著的变化,其影响大小因矿区土壤污染程度而异.无污染和轻度污染土壤根际微生物生物量碳变化表现为黑麦草+三叶草>三叶草>黑麦草>未种植土壤,处理间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05),重度污染环境下各处理间差异不明显.Biolog数据分析显示,种植不同牧草的矿区土壤根际微生物群落结构和功能多样性也发生了相应改变,根际土壤微生物群落代谢剖面(AWCD)均显著高于未种植牧草土壤,处理间差异达极显著水平(P<0.001).典型变量分析揭示了不同牧草根际微生物群落利用碳源种类和数量存在明显差异.     

雨天硫酸盐化速率样品扩散分析

选择采样期不同降雨天数的碱片,测定余边的硫酸盐化速率含量,其结果为：采样期全月无雨时,余边上的硫酸盐均未检出;半月以上至全月有雨时检出率为１００％,检出量占样品量的２．７０～１５．９５％。经扩散试验,查清了余边上的硫酸盐主要是有效面积上采集的样品的扩散,并提出了相应的修正方法。     

2017年厦门金砖会晤期间人为减排和气象条件变化对臭氧污染特征的影响

针对厦门"金砖会晤"空气质量保障活动，本研究选取2017年8月10日—9月10日的O₃、NO₂和挥发性有机物（VOCs），以及气象因子等在线观测数据，开展人为减排、副热带高压、台风等对东南沿海城市大气O₃污染特征的影响研究.结果表明，研究期间厦门大气O₃-8 h平均浓度为（110.0±40.6）μg·m^-3.与管控前相比，无台风影响的管控I期的O₃-8 h浓度上升了19.9 μg·m^-3，而管控II期的O₃-8 h浓度下降了27.9 μg·m^-3.对于管控I期和II期，台风影响下O₃-8 h浓度较无台风时段分别下降85.2 μg·m^-3和8.9 μg·m^-3.在排放控制和台风的共同作用下，峰会期间厦门大气O₃浓度的日变化显现出"削峰填谷"的特征.另外，与管控I期相比，管控II期O₃前体物VOCs浓度显著下降，其臭氧生成潜势（OFP）下降了44.6%.总之，运用区域联防联控策略，对臭氧前体物（NO_x和VOCs）实施针对性减排，可有效地降低沿海城市大气O₃日间最高浓度.     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

兰州城区大气PM2.5污染特征及来源解析

为探究兰州城区PM_(2.5)的污染特征及其来源,分别在兰州市城关区和西固区设置PM_(2.5)采样点,于2013年10月(非采暖期)和12月(采暖期)采集样品并进行分析,得到了PM_(2.5)及其16种化学组成的质量浓度.结果表明,兰州城区PM_(2.5)污染水平较高,平均质量浓度为129μg·m~(-3).样品无机元素平均质量浓度为:SCaFeAlMgPbZnMnTiCu,其中S、Ca、Fe、Al的质量浓度在1μg·m~(-3)以上,是主要元素组分;样品各无机元素质量浓度表现为采暖期高于非采暖期,城关区高于西固区.样品水溶性离子平均质量浓度为:SO~(2-)_4NO~-_3NH~+_4Cl~-K~+Na~+,其中SO~(2-)_4、NO~-_3、NH~+_4的质量浓度在10μg·m~(-3)以上,是主要离子组分;样品各水溶性离子质量浓度表现为采暖期高于非采暖期,西固区高于城关区.富集因子(EF)分析结果表明,元素Al、Ca、Mg、Ti的EF值均小于1以自然来源为主;元素Cu、Pb、S、Zn的EF值显著大于10,表明这4种元素在PM_(2.5)中高度富集,且主要源于人为活动造成的污染.主成分分析结果表明,交通排放源、生物质燃烧源、土壤源和二次粒子对兰州城区大气PM_(2.5)贡献显著.     

我国北方稻区稻飞虱的成灾机制：一个假说

本文通过对大量文献资料的综合分析，从飞虱的飞行特性和北迁运载气流入手，以东亚大气低层环流为背景审视飞虱在有限时间内远迁北方致灾的成因机制，提出了以北上低空急流的时空变化与南方大发生虫源迁出期（区）相吻合、其前沿所至与北方迁入区相一致作为北方稻虱成灾的启动因子的假说．并提出了验证该假说的研究方法和技术路线，为揭示北方稻虱成灾的奥秘，完善灾变监测技术和预警系统奠定了基础。     

Climatic and stream-flow controls on tree growth in a Western montane riparian forest

Humans have severely impacted riparian ecosystems through water diversions, impoundments, and consumptive uses. Effective management of these important areas is becoming an increasingly high priority of land managers, particularly as municipal, industrial, and recreational demands for water increase. We examined radial tree growth of four riparian tree species (Pinus jeffreyi, Populus trichocarpa, Betula occidentalis, and Pinus monophylla) along Bishop Creek, California, and developed models relating basal area increment (BAI) and relative basal area increment (RBAI) to climatic and stream flow variables. Between years 1995–1999, univariate regression analysis with stream flow explained 29 to 61% of the variation in BAI and RBAI among all species except P. trichocarpa; growth by P. trichocarpa was not significantly related to stream flows over this period. Stepwise linear regression indicated that species responded differently to climatic variables, and models based on these variables explained between 33 to 86% of variation in BAI and RBAI during the decade of the 1990s. We examined branch growth of P. trichocarpa for sensitivity to differences in stream flow regimes and found that annual branch growth did not vary between a high- and low-flow site, but that annual branch growth was significantly higher in wet years with greater stream flows. Our results support the establishment of site-specific management goals by land managers that take into account all of the important tree species present in riparian ecosystems and their differential responses to altered hydrologic condition. Instream flow requirements for maintaining tree growth and vigor are only one of the species-specific responses that need to be evaluated, and these assessments should attempt to separate experimentally stream-flow (managed) controls from climatic (unmanaged) controls on growth.