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81.
SMT法是一种较为通用的沉积物磷地球化学形态分析方法,但分析结果的准确性和重现性成为制约其进一步应用的关键.本研究以我国沉积物标准样品GSD-12为标样,在详细研究该标样的SMT法提取的磷的各个地球化学形态含量的基础上,提出了插标法控制沉积物中磷地球化学形态的准确性和可比性.在对比了手工分析,Skalar仪器分析及ICP-MS仪器分析的结果之后,针对SMT法操作中存在的问题进行了探讨,提出了操作过程中的注意事项,提出了GSD-12中总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)、有机磷(OP)、盐酸提取磷(HCl-P)和氢氧化钠提取磷(NaOH-P)等含量分别为(156±5),(77±2),(39±3),(41±2),(42±2)mg/kg,并将该标样用于太湖沉积物中磷形态测定的质量控制,取得了较为满意的结果. 相似文献
82.
磷肥对铅锌矿污染土壤中铅毒的修复作用 总被引:41,自引:3,他引:41
用连续提取法研究了不同磷肥对铅锌矿污染土壤中铅化学形态的影响、磷肥降低铅毒性的机理以及磷肥的有效使用条件.结果表明,3种磷肥都具有显著降低铅的各种非残渣形态含量的作用.磷肥用量在P/Pb摩尔比为7.0时已经足够修复土壤的铅毒,并且在该磷肥用量水平时,从非残渣形态铅总量的降低幅度上看,3种磷肥修复铅污染的效果顺序为:过磷酸钙(85%)、钙镁磷肥(83%)〉〉磷矿粉(16%);把铅的形态与其生物有效性联系起来比较,3种磷肥修复铅污染效果顺序为:钙镁磷肥(94%)、过磷酸钙(92%)>磷矿粉(61%).磷肥具有原位修复铅污染土壤的潜能,其主要机理是通过磷肥中的磷与各种非残渣形态铅反应形成溶解度极小的磷(氯/羟基/氟)铅矿沉淀,从而降低铅的溶解性的结果,3种磷肥中以磷矿粉最为经济. 相似文献
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84.
对泰国湾Chanthaburi海岸Welu河口区三根沉积物柱样(WLE08、WLE10和WLE12)进行了210Pb测年分析、AMS14C测年分析和粒度分析.粒度分析结果表明,研究区三根柱样的沉积物类型均属于粘土质粉砂,包含部分贝壳及生物碎屑,分选差,呈正偏态,属于中晚全新世以来形成的沉积物.通过粒级-标准偏差方法对沉... 相似文献
85.
WU Yu-qiong WANG Chong-gang WANG Yun ZHAO Yang CHEN Yi-xin ZUO Zheng-hong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(9):1129-1135
It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin (TBT), an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of BaP, TBT and their mixture on splenic antioxidant defense systems of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The fish were exposed to water containing environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP, TBT and their mixture. Spleens were collected for biochemical analysis after exposure for 7, 25, 50 d and after recovery for 7, 20 d. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 7 d potentiated the induction of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity by BaP or TBT alone. The cotreatment for 25 and 50 d resulted in inhibition of GPx activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Splenic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly elevated in S. marmoratus exposed to BaP starting from 7 d and remained high up to 25 d. However, no further activity change was found with prolonged exposure. Cotreatment of BaP and TBT primarily inhibited the GST activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 25 or 50 d potentiated the depletion of GSH (glutathione) by BaP or TBT alone. MDA (malondialdehyde) contents in spleen of S. marmoratus were not significantly altered compared with the control during the test period. Spleen, as an immune organ, is sensitive to exposure of BaP or TBT. It should have an effective mechanism to counteract oxidative damage. Antioxidative defense systems in spleen of S. marmoratus should be considered as potential biomarkers. Short-term exposure of BaP or TBT could result in induction of antioxidant defense system. A significant decrease of these indices, such as GSH, GST, GPx might indicate more severe contamination. 相似文献
86.
Topsoil organic carbon mineralization and CO2 evolution of three paddy soils from South China and the temperature dependence 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Carbon mineralization and its response to climatic warming have been receiving global attention for the last decade. Although the virtual influence of temperature effect is still in great debate, little is known on the mineralization of organic carbon (SOC) of paddy soils of China under warming. SOC mineralization of three major types of China's paddy soils is studied through laboratory incubation for 114 d under soil moisture regime of 70% water holding capacity at 20℃ and 25℃ respectively. The carbon that mineralized as CO2 evolved was measured every day in the first 32 d and every two days in the following days. Carbon mineralized during the 114 d incubation ranged from 3.51 to 9.22 mg CO2-C/gC at 20℃ and from 4.24 to 11.35 mg CO2-C/gC at 25℃ respectively; and a mineralizable C pool in the range of 0.24 to 0.59 gC/kg, varying with different soils. The whole course of C mineralization in the 114 d incubation could be divided into three stages of varying rates, representing the three subpools of the total mineralizable C: very actively mineralized C at 1-23 d, actively tnineralized C at 24--74 d and a slowly mineralized pool with low and more or less stabilized C mineralization rate at 75-114 d. The calculated Q10 values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, varying with the soil types and N status. Neither the total SOC pool nor the labile C pool could account for the total mineralization potential of the soils studied, despite a well correlation of labile C with the shortly and actively mineralized C, which were shown in sensitive response to soil warming. However, the portion of microbial C pool and the soil C/N ratio controlled the C mineralization and the temperature dependence. Therefore, C sequestration may not result in an increase of C mineralization proportionally. The relative control of C bioavailability and microbial metabolic activity on C mineralization with respect to stabilization of sequestered C in the paddy soils of China is to be further studied. 相似文献
87.
目的 筛选西沙试验站大气环境优势菌种,进行西沙试验站装备敏感菌研究。方法 采用撞击法进行大气霉菌采样,用统计学法计算出不同试验场地真菌数量,结合形态学法与ITS1-5.8S-TIS2或26SrDNA D1/D2区序列分析法鉴定菌种,并用SPSS初步探讨大气真菌与环境因素的关系,分析西沙试验站装备敏感菌。结果 西沙试验站优势种为Aspergillus aculeatus、Penicillium citrinum、Pithomyces sacchar、变红镰孢霉Fusarium incarnatum、Cladosporium oxysporum和Cladosporium oryzae,影响西沙试验站大气霉菌群落结构的重要环境因素是相对湿度和风速,贮存在西沙试验站的装备容易长霉,多种材料有不同的敏感菌,尤其是涂层样件和橡胶类材料。结论 西沙试验站大气环境中存在种类繁多的霉菌。 相似文献
88.
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90.
南四湖及主要入湖河流表层沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
研究了南四湖及其主要河流人湖口18个表层沉积物对磷的吸附能力、吸附动力学及其吸附等温线,并对湖区沉积物对磷吸附特征及其理化特征之间的关系进行了探讨.结果表明,对于处于不同营养水平的沉积物,对磷酸盐的吸附具有一致的特征.在前10h沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附量基本达到或超过平衡吸附量的80%,并且在0~1.0 h内吸附反应迅速.在本研究条件下,表层沉积物的cEPC的变化范围为0.010~0.157mg·L-1, Qmax的变化范围是86.74~118.32 mg·kg-1, TQmax的变化范围是99.97~281.11 mg·kg-1·cEPC、NAP、m、Qmax和TQmax与Ads-P都具有显著的正相关关系,沉积物Ads-P含量可以作为指导南四湖水体污染程度的一项指标. m与TQmax之间具有显著的正相关性,吸附效率不仅体现的是对外来磷的吸附效率,还应当包含对本身释放磷的再吸附的效率.对于南四湖沉积物TQmax、NAP和Qmax起到同样的贡献.沉积物的NAP与cEPC之间呈显著正相关性,总的趋势就是,当上覆水中磷含量相等时,具有高的NAP的沉积物易于向上覆水体释磷,反之具有较低NAP的沉积物易从水中吸附磷. 相似文献