西南地区农村生活污水治理规划体系研究——以自贡市沿滩区为例

为科学规划农村生活污水治理,进一步解决西南地区农村生活污水粗放、分散等问题.在充分调研沿滩区农村生活污水现状,收集国土、人口、DEM、水系、水源保护区等多项数据,建立了农村居民聚集区识别、环境敏感村划定方法,识别出沿滩区48个环境敏感区村庄、74个农村聚居区,构建出更为科学的农村生活污水治理规划体系,为农村生活污水整治...     

纳米气敏材料的研究与发展趋势

各种气体尤其是对可燃性气体和毒性气体的检测和监控已成为企业当前急需解决的问题之一。纳米技术对提高气敏材料的灵敏度、选择性和长期稳定性有重要的作用,并且能降低工作温度和缩短温度的响应时间。文中论述了氢气、硫化氢、碳氢化合物、氮氧化合物、乙醇、丙酮等气体的纳米气敏材料的研究现状,并对其发展的趋势进行了预测。     

四川水稻气候生态类型分异及区划

本文根据中国光温生态试验资料及四川水稻品比试验与气象观测的历史资料,讨论了早、中稻感温性和对温度的适应性,分析了播期、纬度、海拔等因素与稻种需求积温量的关系,以水稻品种类型对热量的适应性指标为依据,考虑四川水稻气候生态的差异性,划分出水稻综合气候生态类型区。     

不同温度下超高层建筑窗口火蔓延模拟分析

为揭示不同温度条件对凹型超高层建筑窗口羽流火焰融合高度的影响,采用火灾动态仿真模拟软件PyroSim,构建不同温度条件下凹型超高层建筑的火灾模型;分析该模型下竖向连续多窗口温度分布等温线及温度曲线。结果表明:在不同室外温度条件下,纵向连续3窗口比2窗口在达到危险温度540℃时,火焰融合高度上升4.5~5.9 m;在达到危险温度350℃时,火焰高度上升11.0~13.3 m。纵向连续4窗口比3窗口在达到危险温度540℃时,火焰融合高度上升3.0~3.4 m;在达到危险温度350℃时,火焰高度上升7.8~9.5 m;对于凹型超高层建筑,室内外温差越大,火焰融合高度越高;从纵向连续3窗口开始,火焰融合高度增长趋势下降。     

Sensitivity and Vulnerability in Marine Environments: an Approach to Identifying Vulnerable Marine Areas

Abstract:  Marine environments have suffered from a lack of quantitative methods for delineating areas that are sensitive or vulnerable to particular stresses, natural and anthropogenic. We define sensitivity as the degree to which marine features respond to stresses, which are deviations of environmental conditions beyond the expected range. Vulnerability can then be defined as the probability that a feature will be exposed to a stress to which it is sensitive. Using these definitions, we provide a quantitative methodology for identifying vulnerable marine areas based on valued ecological features, defined as biological or physical features, processes, or structures deemed by humans to have environmental, social, cultural, or economic significance. The vulnerability of the valued ecological features is a function of their sensitivity to particular stresses and their vulnerability to those stresses. We used the methodology to demonstrate how vulnerable marine areas for two groups of endangered whale species (inshore and offshore) could be identified with a predictive habitat model and acoustic stress surfaces. Acoustic stress surfaces were produced for ferry traffic, commercial shipping traffic, potential offshore oil production, and small-boat traffic. The vulnerabilities of the two whale groups to the four stressors considered in this example were relatively similar; however, inshore species were more sensitive to on-shelf, coastal activities such as offshore hydrocarbon production, ferry traffic, and small-boat traffic. Our approach demonstrates how valued features can be associated with stresses and the likelihood of encountering these stresses (vulnerability) in order to identify geographic areas for management and conservation purposes. The method can be applied to any combination of valued ecological features and stressors.     

典型草地生态监测敏感因子筛选研究

选择甘肃省有代表性的草地生态环境———天祝县草地生态环境,进行生态环境监测指标体系敏感因子的筛选研究。通过实验、调查,收集大量数据资料,初步筛选、确定草地生态环境监测敏感因子,对所选敏感因子进行计算机处理与分析,确定敏感因子相关因素,从而建立数学模型;验证、修改和完善模型,最终建立草原生态环境监测系统简洁、高效的敏感因子指标体系,为建立和完善生态环境监测系统,准确、客观地评价生态环境奠定基础。     

Detection of Asian dust aerosols using meteorological satellite data and suspended particulate matter concentrations

The advection and dispersion of Asian dust events from China to the Pacific Ocean around Japan during 2000–2002 were investigated using the meteorological satellite data of NOAA/AVHRR and GMS-5/VISSR. Aerosol vapour index images, taking the brightness temperature difference between 11 and 12 μm, are very effective for monitoring the Asian dust phenomenon in the East Asia region, with their capacity for detection during the day or night. We discuss the dust events, focusing on the advection patterns shown in satellite images, which are classified into three types as ‘dry slot’, ‘high-pressure wedge’ and ‘travelling high’, based on synoptic patterns. The results are compared with suspended particulate matter concentrations measured at Japanese surface stations and with ground-based observations of Sakurajima volcano by a web camera system at Kagoshima in Kyushu, Japan. We found that the passage of cold fronts caused a rapid increase of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations, which exceeded 100 μg m⁻³, and that deep low-pressure complexes strengthened the dust phenomenon. The ‘high-pressure wedge’ type is seen much more clearly in satellite images than the ‘travelling high’ type, but SPM concentrations and visibility were similar in both owing to the differences in the vertical distribution of the dust and in viewing conditions.     

汞的超高灵敏显色反应及其应用

对Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）－ｍｅｓｏ－４－（４－ＴＭＡＰ）Ｐ－ＤＤＭＡＡ－Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０超高灵敏显色体系的特性进行了研究。该显色体系在ＰＨ８．５～１０．５的硼酸－氢氧化钠介质最为适宜，显色体系最大吸收波长为４５０ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数ε４５０＝４．８×１０＾５Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ，试剂空白在４５０ｎｍ处时等于零。在ＤＤＭＡＡ，Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０条件下，Ｈｇ＾２＋与Ｍｅｓｏ－４（４－ＴＭＡＰ）Ｐ的组成比为１：１。在０～１０     

A numerical experiment for the simulating effects ofKuwait oil fire and volcanoes in Philippines andJapan on the general circulation and climate

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论环境质量综合指数（CIEQ）的灵敏性—兼对现有CIEQ的分析

提出环境质量综合指数（ＣＩＥＱ）的灵敏性概念，给出ＣＩＥＱ灵敏度的数学定义和灵敏度特征值的数学表达式，并以此有现有ＣＩＥＱ的灵敏性进行分析，讨论了它们的优劣和可能的改进。