海南西沙试验站大气霉菌群落初步调查

目的 筛选西沙试验站大气环境优势菌种,进行西沙试验站装备敏感菌研究。方法 采用撞击法进行大气霉菌采样,用统计学法计算出不同试验场地真菌数量,结合形态学法与ITS1-5.8S-TIS2或26SrDNA D1/D2区序列分析法鉴定菌种,并用SPSS初步探讨大气真菌与环境因素的关系,分析西沙试验站装备敏感菌。结果 西沙试验站优势种为Aspergillus aculeatus、Penicillium citrinum、Pithomyces sacchar、变红镰孢霉Fusarium incarnatum、Cladosporium oxysporum和Cladosporium oryzae,影响西沙试验站大气霉菌群落结构的重要环境因素是相对湿度和风速,贮存在西沙试验站的装备容易长霉,多种材料有不同的敏感菌,尤其是涂层样件和橡胶类材料。结论 西沙试验站大气环境中存在种类繁多的霉菌。     

特殊区域和特别敏感海域

特殊区域和特别敏感海域是国际海事组织提出了两个环境概念。文中就这两个概念的定义、起源、鉴定的标准和程序以及适用的保护措施进行分析、论述，并提出自己见解。     

九寨沟生态环境质量评价和植被敏感性因子分析研究

九寨沟风景名胜区是世界级旅游精品,对九寨沟风景名胜区的生态环境质量进行正确认识和评价,对景区的保护意义重大。本文选取直接反映生态环境质量的五个因子:植被、湿度、土壤、热度、坡度,通过遥感图像提取各因子的指数值分析研究生态环境质量,结论为高海拔的九寨沟生态地质环境质量总体较好,优、良级别区域占71.09%以上。进行了生态环境质量敏感性因子NDVI分析,认为九寨沟内植被覆盖度较高,自旅游开发后植被覆盖率明显提高,多年植被覆盖变化属于波动变化,处于平稳变化。     

生态文明视角下喀斯特地区“双评价”研究——以生态敏感区宁远县为例

精简“双评价”流程、融合评价机制,基于生态文明视角构建具有喀斯特地区特色的指标体系,刻画国土空间开发与保护格局特征,对于生态敏感脆弱区可持续发展具有重要指导意义。分别从生态、农业与建设三个视角构建指标体系,将资源环境承载力和国土空间开发适宜性评价指标整合,从国土的用途功能出发,提供一个全新的评价思路,测算宁远县国土对于不同功能的适宜程度。结果表明：（1）宁远县生态保护重要性总体较高,不同等级、地区空间集聚和分异特征明显,呈南北两侧高、中部和西部偏低的分布格局,需重点加强南北两侧生态空间的保护力度,满足国家提倡的生态文明建设要求;（2）农业生产适宜性总体较低,适宜生产区域主要以城区中心分割线为轴带,呈东、西两侧对称分布格局,和生态保护空间存在一定冲突,需合理优化农业生产结构和布局,保障区域粮食和生态的“双安全”;（3）建设开发适宜性总体上较低,中心外围分布格局特征显著,以中心城区为核心并向四周辐射递减,需节约集约利用国土资源,适当调整和转变发展利用方式,协调“三生空间”关系;（4）以中心县城为核心,“三环带放射式”的国土开发与保护空间格局特征明显,建设—农业—生态空间呈“同心圆”圈层结构分布;（5）多宜、双宜、单宜与不宜空间面积依次为36672.67 hm²、32276.11 hm²、181022 hm²、175.46 hm²,分别占宁远县国土的14.66%、12.90%、72.37%、0.07%。从生态文明视角开展喀斯特地区“双评价”研究,更为精细地摸清特殊地貌的国土基数与空间基底,提升了国土空间规划的科学性与操作性,可为其他喀斯特生态脆弱区域“双评价”工作开展提供科学支撑。     

公路交通噪声防治措施

随着交通运输业的发展及公路等级的不断提高,公路交通噪声越来越引起人们的关注,因此,解决公路交通噪声污染成为一个急待解决的问题,本文论述公路交通噪声造成的危害,并有针对性地提出降低公路交通噪声防治措施。     

A national ozone biomonitoring program--results from field surveys of ozone sensitive plants in northeastern forests (1994-2000)

Ozone biomonitoring is a detection and monitoring techniquethat involves documenting ozone-induced visible injury toknown ozone-sensitive species under conditions of ambientexposure. The USDA Forest Service administers a long-term,nationwide ozone biomonitoring program to address public andscientific concerns about ozone impacts on forest health. Asystematic grid is used as the basis for biomonitoring sitelocations. At each site, trained field crews evaluate amaximum of thirty plants of up to six species and record the amount and severity of leaf-injury on individualplants. Injury from ozone was found more often on biomonitoring sites in the eastern Unites States than in theinterior or west-coast areas. Further results from thenortheast reveal that in any year, there is a higherpercentage of ozone-injured plants with more severe symptomsin areas with relatively high ozone concentrations than inareas with relatively low ozone. In very dry years (e.g.,1999) the percentage of injured plants and injury severityestimates are both sharply reduced even though ambient ozoneexposures are high. These findings demonstrate thatbiomonitoring data provide meaningful evidence of when highozone concentrations during the growing season have biologicalsignificance. Any assessment of ozone stress in the forestenvironment must include both biomonitoring (i.e., plantresponse) and air quality data to be complete.     

Use of Satellite Imagery as Environmental Impact Assessment Tool: A case Study from the Nw Egyptian Red Sea Coastal Zone

Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the NW Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities.     

沈阳市某化工园区现状环境风险评估

从风险物质数量、风险诱发因素及风险防控能力角度出发,采用加权评分法,结合周边环境敏感受体情况,对沈阳市某化工园现状做环境风险评估。结果表明:JHYSD和XJHX的区域环境风险值贡献最大,分别为3.08和2.59,约占园区内总风险值的41.2%;该化工园综合环境风险值为13.57,构成该综合风险值的各分项大小不同,其中,RIS_(危险废物)分项环境风险最大,贡献率达到28.89%,其次为RIS_(大气),贡献率达27.34%,其余三者顺序为RIS_(化学品)RIS_水RIS_(累积)。     

大型底栖动物快速评价指数BMWP在太子河流域的应用

大型底栖动物快速生物评价方法可快速判断河流在人为活动影响下的生态状况,对河流健康评价研究和河流保护与管理具有重要的意义。基于太子河46个样点的大型底栖动物监测数据,探讨大型底栖动物生物监测工作组(Biological Monitoring Working Party,BMWP)指数的适用性。采用方差分析研究了BMWP指数对重要水环境参数的响应程度,研究结果表明BMWP指数随地表水水质级别的降低呈显著地下降趋势。利用回归分析研究了BMWP指数与其他生物指数、生境状况的回归关系,结果显示BMWP指数与底栖动物香农多样性指数(R2=0.74)、底栖动物完整性指数(R2=0.85)以及生境质量评估指数(R2=0.60)均呈显著线性回归关系(p0.01),表明BMWP指数可以有效指示与反映不同河段的生物状况及其栖息地质量。利用BMWP指数对采样点进行的河流健康评价结果显示太子河46个采样点中,极好和良好的采样点占45.7%,一般的样点占21.7%,差和极差的样点为32.6%。BMWP指数对河流生态状况指示灵敏,能够准确反映河流健康状况。同时,野外监测、物种鉴定和指数计算简便,是河流健康评价中表征能力较强的快速生物评价指数。     

Rapid determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration

A rapid, simple and sensitive method was demonstrated for the determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration. With the presence of sulfuric acid, phenol could be transferred into a nitroso-compound by reacting with NaNO2. The titration end-point was obtained by the formation of a sharp cut in the oscillopolarographic with infinitesimal NaNO2 on double platinum electrodes. The results showed that phenol concentration had an excellent linear relationship over the range of 4.82×10-6-9.65×10-3 mol/L, the RSD of the proposed method was lower than 1.5%, and the spiked recoveries of three real water samples were in the range of 95.6%-106.9%.