四川省高速公路网规划调整方案生态敏感性分析

公路网的规划实施会占用大片土地,消耗大量的资源,对整个规划区域的生态环境造成不可忽视的影响。生态环境影响评价是公路网规划环境影响评价的主体内容之一,是生态环评的重点。本文在充分分析了四川省高速公路网规划调整方案的特点之后,有针对性的提出生态敏感性的评价方法。通过对路网中各个路段的生态敏感性指数的计算,定量的分析不同路段对生态环境的影响程度。为相关部门对公路网的规划提供决策依据。     

基于专利地图的我国金属表面无铬钝化清洁生产技术分析

本文以专利地图为分析工具,对我国金属表面无铬钝化清洁生产技术发展的时间、空间和内容进行了归纳分析,并通过研究我国金属表面无铬钝化清洁生产技术专利的发展现状,对其今后的发展趋势进行了预测。     

Determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus from fish plasma using the Tb^3＋-tiron complex as a fluorescence probe

A sensitive method based on the fluorescence quenching effect of the Tb^3＋-Tiron complex is proposed for the determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus （ALP） released from fish plasma. The detection limit was 5.4 ng/ml （S/N=2）, and the relative standard deviation of the quenching effect （6 replicates） was 4.6%. The results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained by the colorimetric assay. The advantages of the present method are its relatively simple detection procedure, the lack of toxic organic solvents, and high sensitivity.     

UV-B辐射增强与秸秆施用对大豆田土壤呼吸的影响

利用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定土壤呼吸,研究了UV-B辐射增强和秸秆施用对大豆田土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明,UV-B辐射增强20%使土壤呼吸速率降低了30.31%,秸秆施用使土壤呼吸速率提高了14.51%,UV-B辐射增强+秸秆施用复合处理对土壤呼吸速率没有显著影响.UV-B增强提高了施用秸秆的碳转化率.对照、UV-B增强、秸秆施用和UV-B增强+秸秆施用4种处理的土壤呼吸与土壤温度都存在极其显著的指数关系(p0.01),拟合方程的决定系数R2分别为0.434、0.563、0.451和0.513.土壤呼吸温度敏感系数Q10值分别为1.55、1.91、1.80和1.71.可见,UV-B辐射增强、秸秆施用和UV-B辐射增强+秸秆施用提高了大豆田土壤呼吸的Q10.     

细胞自动机模拟活性污泥法污水处理过程

从活性污泥法污水处理过程的微观机理出发,建立了污水处理过程的二维细胞自动机模型,并进行仿真实验.结果表明：建立的细胞自动机模型能够实现污水处理过程的动态可视化,复现出了污水中有机物被吸附、降解及微生物生长、繁殖和衰亡的过程;仿真中还讨论了污泥颗粒粒径、有机物分子半径、温度和污泥浓度等因素对模拟结果的影响,因素灵敏度分析...     

潮汐流人工湿地低温下 NH4+ -N去除模型的比较和优化

针对目前人工湿地在低温条件下脱氮效能降低的问题,本研究对每天3个运行周期的潮汐流人工湿地在低温条件下对NH4+ -N的处理效能进行研究,同时利用表观动力学模型、多元参数回归模型及Monod机制模型对NH4+-N的去除过程进行拟合.结果显示,在平均水温为9～13℃条件下,每天3个运行周期的潮汐流人工湿地对NH4+-N有良...     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

基于遗传算法的生命线工程网络抗震优化设计

进行网络抗震可靠性分析的目的,不仅在于定量评价生命线工程网络系统的抗震性能,更重要的是利用这种分析工具指导网络抗震性能的优化设计。以无向边权网络系统为分析对象,分别以管网造价和系统抗震可靠度作为优化目标和约束条件,建立网络系统拓扑优化模型,利用递推分解算法作为网络系统抗震可靠性分析工具,并引入系统单元的灵敏度分析,采用遗传算法求解网络系统的拓扑优化问题,从而发展了一类工程网络抗震优化设计方法。实例分析结果表明,网络系统拓扑结构与系统可靠度之间有显著的正相关关系。     

冲击载荷下各向异性煤体渗透-应力敏感性试验研究*

为揭示冲击煤样渗透率的变化规律,通过立式分离式霍普金森（SHPB）冲击装置对不同层理方向煤样进行动态冲击,进而采用渗透仪对冲击后的煤样进行渗透率测试,分析不同冲击荷载下煤岩的渗透率及应力敏感性。结果表明:冲击煤样的渗透率远大于原煤样品,冲击载荷越大,渗透率越大;在相同的冲击载荷和气体压力下,平行于层理方向的煤样渗透率最大,其次是斜交45°层理方向的煤样渗透率,垂直于层理方向的煤样渗透率最小;渗透率受有效应力影响显著;在冲击荷载的作用下,垂直于层理方向煤样渗透率的变化率对孔隙压力更为敏感。     

Effect of pyrolysis and oxidation characteristics on lauric acid and stearic acid dust explosion hazards

The effect of pyrolysis and oxidation characteristics on the explosion sensitivity and severity parameters, including the minimum ignition energy MIE, minimum ignition temperature MIT, minimum explosion concentration MEC, maximum explosion pressure P_max, maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt)_max and deflagration index K_st, of lauric acid and stearic acid dust clouds was experimentally investigated. A synchronous thermal analyser was used to test the particle thermal characteristics. The functional test apparatuses including the 1.2 L Hartmann-tube apparatus, modified Godbert-Greenwald furnace, and 20 L explosion apparatus were used to test the explosion parameters. The results indicated that the rapid and slow weight loss processes of lauric acid dust followed a one-dimensional diffusion model (D1 model) and a 1.5 order chemical reaction model (F1.5 model), respectively. In addition, the rapid and slow weight loss processes of stearic acid followed a 1.5 order chemical reaction model (F1.5 model) and a three-dimensional diffusion model (D3 model), respectively, and the corresponding average apparent activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A were larger than those of lauric acid. The stearic acid dust explosion had higher values of MIE and MIT, which were mainly dependent on the higher pyrolysis and oxidation temperatures and the larger apparent activation energy E determining the slower rate of chemical bond breakage during pyrolysis and oxidation. In contrast, the lauric acid dust explosion had a higher MEC related to a smaller pre-exponential factor A with a lower amount of released reaction heat and a lower heat release rate during pyrolysis and oxidation. Additionally, due to the competition regime of the higher oxidation reaction heat release and greater consumption of oxygen during explosion, the explosion pressure P_m of the stearic acid dust was larger in low concentration ranges and decayed to an even smaller pressure than with lauric acid when the concentration exceeded 500 g/m³. The rate of explosion pressure rise (dP/dt)_m of the stearic acid dust was always larger in the experimental concentration range. The stearic acid dust explosion possessed a higher P_max, (dP/dt)_max and K_st mainly because of a larger pre-exponential factor A related to more active sites participating in the pyrolysis and oxidation reaction. Consequently, the active chemical reaction occurred more violently, and the temperature and overpressure rose faster, indicating a higher explosion hazard class for stearic acid dust.