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101.
光导纤维氨气敏荧光传感器的研制和应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以大环冠醚为铵离子中性载体,吖啶橙为荧光PH指示剂,二者结合于增塑的PVC膜中,样品氨浓度变化直接引起膜的荧光强度变化。基于该原理研制成不需内电解质溶液的光导纤维氨气敏荧光传感器。用以测定生活污水的氨氮,精密度实验的平均变异系数为0.9-1.3%;回收率为95.4%-105.6%。 相似文献
102.
Global solar radiation is recorded by fading of the colored film into which azo-dye is impregnated with use of organic solvent. Oil Red O, Sudan I, Sudan IV and Pyridylazonaphthol are used as the azo dye. These films can be applied to measure the solar radiation in many kinds of environmental or ecological conditions. The merits of the film compared with usual measurements are to be: unnecessary of any electric sources; cheap and mass-productive easily; suitable to integrate solar radiation for long time; easy dealing in out-door or underwater conditions; possible to use on leaves of any plants because of light weight; possible to use in a lot of points at the same time. 相似文献
103.
为加强城市供水管网渗漏诊断能力,采用基于模糊相似优先比的漏损判别方法实现供水管网漏损定位及漏损程度的同步诊断。通过MATLAB软件调用最新版EPANET V2.2建立供水管网模型,在管段中间加入扩散器模拟单次渗漏事件,通过更改扩散器系数实现渗漏量的控制;基于压力驱动水力分析得到各节点压力变化,遍历模拟各管段漏损后,通过建立节点压力灵敏度矩阵,采用K均值聚类法进行监测点布置;在此基础上,在易渗漏管段模拟产生不同渗漏级别的渗漏事件,以监测点压力变化值构建源范例库,在熵权法的基础上,采用模糊相似优先比方法同步诊断渗漏位置及渗漏程度。以某一实际管网为例,模拟产生50例历史渗漏事件,采用模糊相似优先比同步诊断新渗漏事件的渗漏位置及渗漏程度,并对比3种权重方法。结果表明:模糊相似优先比法可有效地实现渗漏定位与渗漏程度的同步诊断。 相似文献
104.
滤毒罐寿命失效指示器能保障有毒有害环境下作业人员的生命安全。为了全面了解滤毒罐寿命失效指示器的研究进展,基于滤毒罐失效指示器的概念、原理和政策,介绍滤毒罐对有机蒸气有效防护时间的评估模型及其应用;通过介绍近年来主动式和被动式2类滤毒罐寿命失效指示器的研究进展,指出被动式比色型寿命失效指示器由于成本低廉是目前研究较为广泛、成熟的技术,而成本仍然是制约主动式寿命失效指示器的主要因素;最后,提出滤毒罐寿命失效指示器在职业防护领域和军事领域的发展趋势和应用前景。 相似文献
105.
Christopher S. Jones Caroline A. Davis Chad W. Drake Keith E. Schilling Samuel H.P. Debionne Daniel W. Gilles Ibrahim Demir Larry J. Weber 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(2):471-486
Various techniques exist to estimate stream nitrate loads when measured concentration data are sparse. The inherent uncertainty associated with load estimation, however, makes tracking progress toward water quality goals more difficult. We used high‐frequency, in situ nitrate sensors strategically deployed across the agricultural state of Iowa to evaluate 2016 stream concentrations at 60 sites and loads at 35 sites. The generated data, collected at an average of 225 days per site, show daily average nitrate‐N yields ranging from 12 to 198 g/ha, with annual yields as high as 53 kg/ha from the intensely drained Des Moines Lobe. Thirteen of the sites that capture water from 82.5% of Iowa's area show statewide nitrate‐N loading in 2016 totaled 477 million kg, or 41% of the load delivered to the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). Considering the substantial private and public investment being made to reduce nitrate loading in many states within the MARB, networks of continuous, in situ measurement devices as described here can inform efforts to track year‐to‐year changes in nitrate load related to weather and conservation implementation. Nitrate and other data from the sensor network described in this study are made publicly available in real time through the Iowa Water Quality Information System. 相似文献
106.
CHARLES M. FARMER JOANN K. WELLS SUSAN A. FERGUSON ROBERT B. VOAS 《Traffic injury prevention》2013,14(1):55-61
Passive alcohol sensors (PAS) are screening devices designed to sample nonintrusively the ambient air around a driver's mouth to determine the presence of alcohol. Studies have shown that PAS devices can aid police officers in the identification of unpaired drivers, particularly at sobriety checkpoints. Data from a 1996 nationwide survey, in which 5,392 drivers were evaluated for alcohol using both the PAS III (a passive sensor housed in a flashlight) and evidential breath test devices, have allowed the determination of appropriate criteria at various blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) for detecting impaired drivers in the field. Using the appropriate criteria, the PAS III can identify about 75% of the drivers with BACs at or above 0.10%, and 70% at or above 0.08%. This is a vast improvement over the 40-50% detection rate currently achieved by police officers at checkpoints not using sensors. Using the PAS III few drivers would be identified inappropriately. At the criterion recommended for detecting BACs at or above 0.08%, about 14% of drivers with BACs of 0.02-0.05% would be incorrectly identified as having a higher BAC. Field studies have shown that when police officers rely on observation alone about 20% of drivers with low BACs are detained for further evaluation. More widespread use of passive sensors by police officers would aid in the detection of drinking drivers. Sensors also could provide an additional deterrent to the general public if they believe that when stopped by the police after drinking they will be detained for further evaluation. 相似文献
107.
108.
Yunpeng Xing Boyuan Xue Yongshu Lin Xueqi Wu Fang Fang Peishi Qi Jinsong Guo Xiaohong Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):155
109.
本文阐述了压电传感器的结构原理及其幅值灵敏度的线性度问题,为了减小测量误差,在使用时应当注意其幅值线性度。 相似文献
110.