基于微生物燃料电池技术的多元生物质生物产电研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)是一种使用微生物作为催化剂,直接将生物质能转化为电能的装置,为生物质的利用提供了新的途径.底物类型和底物浓度对于MFC的性能至关重要.使用小分子酸、醇或葡萄糖等简单有机物为底物时,MFC功率输出较高.但当底物为结构复杂的有机物时,为了提高MFC功率输出和底物降解效率,可以采用物理、化学手段对其进行预处理、采用天然菌群进行生物预降解或者添加简单有机物进行底物强化.基于多元生物质MFC技术未来将应用于污水中生物质能回收、偏远地区供电和生物传感器等方面.     

大型选煤厂粉尘在线监测与智能喷雾降尘系统研究

为解决大型选煤厂粉尘污染问题,提出了粉尘在线监测与智能喷雾相结合的降尘技术.以同煤集团塔山选煤厂输煤系统为研究背景,采用理论分析、现场实测及数值模拟等方法对输煤系统尘源扩散机理进行了研究.采用κ-ε湍流模型、欧拉模型和离散相模型(DPM)进行模拟,选择SIMPLE算法进行计算.模拟结果与实测数据基本一致.结果表明:在诱导风流的作用下输煤系统粉尘质量浓度较大,并以给料机及导料槽为中心径向逐步降低;同时,粉尘在线监测与智能喷雾降尘技术能有效降低输煤系统空间粉尘质量浓度,改善作业环境,空间粉尘质量浓度保持在国家标准以下.     

敏感器的步降应力加速寿命试验方法研究

目的分析敏感器的加速寿命试验方法,为下一步试验的实施奠定基础。方法采用步降应力加速寿命试验方法,利用逆矩估计法和最优线性无偏估计方法对数据进行分析。结果确定了加速试验所需的各项参数,为数据处理提供了理论依据。结论利用逆矩估计法和最优线性无偏估计方法对各参数进行估计是有效的,能够分析出样品的各可靠性指标。     

危险化学品生产储存运输安全监控系统研究与应用

提出了基于GIS、GPS、GPRS和无线传感网络技术的危险化学品生产储存运输安全监控系统结构及该系统的软件架构和功能设计,介绍了系统在大连某特种气体有限公司的应用情况。该系统利用无线传感网络技术对危险化学品生产储存场所进行实时监控预警,利用GPS和GPRS技术对运输车辆进行跟踪和监控,利用地理信息系统实现对危险化学品生产储存场所及运输车辆信息的查询检索、综合分析、动态管理等功能,从而为危险化学品储存场所安全监测提供科学依据,对抑制事故发生或减少事故伤损范围具有重要的现实意义。     

荧光传感器阵列检测农药污染物研究进展

农药的滥用已造成严重的环境污染,因此开发高效、简便和灵敏的农药检测技术是环境科学领域的研究焦点.荧光传感检测因其灵敏度高,检出限低,操作简单,成本低,目前已逐渐成为农药快速定量检测的一个发展方向.然而,在真实样品检测环境中,污染物不是单独存在的,常伴随结构或化学性质上与待检测分析物相似的污染物进行干扰.而基于阵列的荧光...     

基于氧猝灭的有机改性溶胶-凝胶微生物传感器测定BOD的研究

通过有机改性溶胶凝胶PVA包埋方法固定微生物菌株，以氧光化学传感器作为二次传感，制备了响应良好的光化学BOD微生物传感器．在此基础上，考察了微生物传感膜的活化浓度、温度、pH、无机盐及部分金属离子对传感器响应的影响．并对传感器的重现性、储存稳定性和线性范围进行了考察，实验结果表明BOD含量在0—100mg/L浓度范围内与传感器的荧光值成线性关系，传感膜的响应活性保持较好，具有较长的使用寿命和良好的稳定性．     

Nylon 6,6 modified screen printed carbon electrodes as electrochemical sensors for rapid chlorothalonil determination in water samples using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry

A newly developed electrochemical sensor for chlorothalonil based on nylon 6,6 film deposited onto screen printed electrode (SPE) with electrochemical modulation of pH at the electrode/solution interface was studied for the first time. Differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) was used to carry out the electrochemical and analytical studies. Experimental parameters such as accumulation potential, initial potential, accumulation time and pH of Britton-Robinson buffer have been optimized. Chlorothalonil gave optimum analytical signal in a medium of 0.04?M Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 6.0. A well-defined reduction peak was observed, at E_p= ?0.851 and ?0.938?V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0?M KCl) for both bare SPE and modified SPE, respectively. The peak currents of modified SPE were significantly increased as compared to bare SPE. At the modified SPE, a linear relationship between the peak current and chlorothalonil concentration was obtained in the range from 0.1 to 2.8?×?10^?6?M with a detection limit of 1.53?×?10^?8?M (S/N=?3). The practical applicability of the newly developed method has been demonstrated on analyses of real water samples. The newly developed sensor shows good reproducibility with RSD of 3.92%. The nylon 6,6 modified SPE showed itself as promising sensor with good selectivity for chlorothalonil determination.     

基于二氧化钛纳米管有序阵列的氢气探测

基于气体传感器对H_2的泄漏进行探测监控,可以有效预防和控制H_2火灾爆炸事故的发生。通过阳极氧化法制备了高度有序的二氧化钛(TiO_2)纳米管阵列并制成气体传感器元器件,研究其在空气气氛中对H_2的气敏特性。通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征手段研究了TiO_2纳米管的相组成和微观结构。TiO_2纳米管具有优异的气敏性能,可在200℃以上对H_2进行有效探测,检测极限达到20ppm。325℃对1 000ppm H_2灵敏度为446,响应时间为2s,对H_2选择性好。     

PREDICTING WILDERNESS SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT WITH NONWILDERNESS SNOW SENSORS1

ABSTRACT: Ten pairs of snow sensors were analyzed to investigate the feasibility of predicting snow water equivalent at high-elevation, telemetered snow sensor sites from lower-elevation sensors. The need for this analysis stems from an agreement between the California Department of Water Resources and the USDA Forest Service to temporarily allow snow sensors in California's wilderness areas so that a predictive relationship can be developed. After 10 or 15 years, the agreement calls for the sensors to be removed. Initial efforts to a priori select sensor pairs were based on proximity, colocation within a basin, and annual precipitation amount, but regression yielded poor fits (R² < 0.65) and high standard errors in eight of the ten cases. Analysis of the results suggested that eleva-tional similarity was the most important selection criteria, and that all available sensors near the target site should be analyzed via a regression screening. Using elevation for selection and the regression screening, five sensors that initially had poor fits were reanalyzed. Each of the five sensors was paired with between two and five new sensors, and R² values improved between 27 and 46 percent. Various data smoothing and editing algorithms were evaluated, but they rarely resulted in improved fits.     

水中六价铬光纤传感检测方法的研究

探讨光纤传感检测探头的原理,建立适应现场检测水中六价铬的方法。水中Cr6+与二苯基碳酰二肼反应生成紫红色产物,光纤探头插入水样中进行测定。其检测浓度范围为0.04～1.0mg/L,最低检出限为0.04mg/L。采用光纤传感测定水中六价铬,为野外和在线检测提供一种新方法。