含碳纳米C-TiO_2薄膜光催化降解气相甲苯研究

对以工业丙烷为燃料、空气为氧化剂、TiCl4为先驱物的火焰CVD法制备的含碳纳米C-TiO2光催化剂,用沉降法在石英玻璃管内壁制备C-TiO2纳米薄膜,以管式反应器为光催化氧化装置,实验研究了含碳纳米C-TiO2的纳米薄膜对甲苯气体的光催化降解规律。探讨了甲苯初始浓度和相对湿度等因素对降解率的影响。实验结果表明,相对湿度约为60%时,对甲苯有最佳的光催化降解效果。在催化剂负载量约为4.9mg、主波长为254nm和365nm的8W紫外灯各一盏、甲苯初始浓度约为60mg/m3、气体流量为400mL/min(甲苯在光催化器中停留时间约为3.45s)的条件下,甲苯的降解率可达45%。     

双泥折流板反应器反硝化除磷启动试验研究

以生活污水作为处理对象,采用双泥折流板反应器,进行了反硝化除磷的启动运行试验研究。在进水有机负荷为0．5kg／（m^3．d）,m（C）lm（N）=5,t=30（＋0．5）℃,HRT=11．08h,R=0．4,r=0．38,SRT=20d的条件下,系统对CODCr,TN,TP,氨氮的去除率分别为67％,63％,50％和82％,出水质量浓度分别为70mg／L,18mg／L,2．8mg／L,6．8mg／L．表明采用该装置进行反硝化除磷的研究是可行的。     

活性炭／沸石投加型活性污泥工艺的研究进展

在污水生物处理工艺中,向传统悬浮生长系统投加微生物载体所形成的复合式生长系统被称为复合式生物反应器。粉末活性炭与沸石是两种应用较为广泛的载体材料。在活性污泥系统中投加粉末活性炭与沸石,可提高其有机负荷,增强脱氮能力,改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能。简述投加粉末活性炭与沸石的复合式生物反应器的工艺流程、特点、作用机理和应用等,提出复合式生物反应器在应用中存在的主要问题,并对两种复合式生物反应器的研究方向进行了展望。     

混凝/平板膜光催化联合反应器工艺处理高速公路桥面雨水径流研究

运用混凝/平板膜光催化联合反应器工艺对穿越自然保护区的高速公路桥面雨水径流进行处理。首先,利用混凝沉淀将雨水中的悬浮物(SS)和CODCr进行去除。以SS、CODCr为去除对象,通过试验对聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合硫酸铝(PAS)两种混凝剂进行性能测定和比选,考察混凝剂的处理效果,以确定合适的混凝剂。结果显示,混凝剂PAS对雨水的处理效果好。经药剂混凝之后的水再用平板膜光催化反应器进行处理,其中膜技术可以将小分子及剩余SS去除,光催化技术可以将难降解物质去除,同时光催化技术中紫外灯可将出水中的细菌消灭,达到光催化降解污染物和消毒的双重功效。在最佳工艺运行条件即100 mg/L混凝剂聚合硫酸铝(PAS)投量下,经曝气量250L/(m2·h)、停留时间20 min的光催化平板膜反应器处理后,出水SS、CODCr去除率分别为100%和94.5%,可达到地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)Ⅱ类水的水质要求。     

电催化氧化有机污染物的电极性能评估策略

本研究采用电化学测试和亚甲基蓝（MB）模拟废水处理两种手段评估了填充床电极反应器电催化氧化有机污染物的电极性能.循环伏安（CV）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）拟合结果表明,填充床体系的电极面积是PbO₂/Ti阳极面积的1.54倍（即床层拓展系数l为0.54）,PbO₂/Ti阳极（γ）和活性炭复极化粒子电极（β）用于MB氧化的有效电流占比分别为0.63、0.34;采用废水处理结果拟合所得的λ和γ+β为0.54和0.99,所得数值与前者相符,两种方式得以相互验证.对体系能耗和电流效率的回归分析及F检验结果证明了所构建评估策略的准确性,可为填充床体系电极性能评估提供理论与方法支撑.     

硝化生物膜系统对低温的适应特性:MBBR和IFAS

为探明硝化生物膜系统对低温的适应特性,在不同温度(20、 15和10℃)下长期运行移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)和生物膜-活性污泥复合工艺(IFAS)并考察温度降低对其硝化性能、生物膜特性及群落结构的影响,以期为生物膜系统在污水处理行业的应用提供理论依据.结果表明,当温度降低至10℃时,MBBR和IFAS的氨氮去除率分别为(90.88±5.73)%和(99.79±0.31)%,表明IFAS比MBBR具有更好的低温适应性.这是由于低温导致胞外聚合物(EPS)含量的增加,进而促使生物膜厚度及干重不断升高,而相同负荷下的MBBR生物膜更容易堵塞,从而影响传质.活性测定结果表明,尽管IFAS中活性污泥的硝化贡献率始终占主导地位,但随着温度降低,生物膜的氨氧化贡献率从30.72%逐渐上升至39.85%,起到了强化硝化的作用.qPCR结果显示,温度的降低使生物膜中硝化细胞拷贝数上升,其与低温下生物膜厚度的增加一定程度上弥补了硝化活性的衰减,从而体现了生物膜对低温较强的适应性.     

嗜热膜生物反应器烟气同时脱硝脱汞研究

采用嗜热膜生物反应器(TMBR)同时处理含NO和Hg0的烟气,结果发现,该反应器可实现100 d的长期稳定运行,NO和Hg0去除效率分别可达87.9%、82.4%.适宜运行条件为:喷淋量为60 m L·min~(-1),p H为6.5~8.0,气体停留时间GRT为9.3 s,COD/TN为2~4.同时,采用16S r DNA分析了TMBR微生物群落.结果表明,在属类别上优势菌种是Ureibacillus和Pseudoxanthomonas.Pseudoxanthomonas、Hydrogenophaga、Thauera、Bacillus、Paracoccus、Comamonas、Pseudomonas、Nitrosovibrio、Ochrobactrum属于脱硝类菌属;Pseudomonas和Halomonas与Hg2+转化有关.Pseudomonas同时具有反硝化和还原汞化合物能力.     

基质浓度对ABR厌氧氨氧化反硝化脱氮除碳效能影响及动力学特征

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)为研究对象,以一定COD、NH+4-N和NO-2-N比例增加进水基质浓度,以明确基质负荷提高对ABR厌氧氨氧化和反硝化协同体系脱氮除碳的影响,并通过基质去除模型获得反应器对基质的耐受程度.研究表明,ABR反应器能够实现厌氧氨氧化反硝化耦合脱氮除碳,当进水基质COD、NO-2-N和NH+4-N浓度从220、168和60 mg·L~(-1)提高至420、270和110 mg·L~(-1)时,反应器脱氮效能下降,COD、NO-2-N、NH+4-N和TN去除率分别为97%、94%、30%和78%,厌氧氨氧化对TN去除的贡献率从43.08%骤降至16.49%,反硝化脱氮贡献率从53.81%增至82.07%.动力学模型拟合发现,Stover-Kincannon模型(R2=0.937,TN;R2=0.975,COD)较一级基质去除模型(R2=0.314,TN;R2=0.016,COD)更适合评价反应器对基质的承受力;Stover-Kincannon模型表明,反应器对TN和COD的最大基质利用率分别为1.43 g·L-1·d-1和3.33 g·L-1·d-1,饱和常数(KB)分别为1.2和3.79,研究认为ABR协同脱氮除碳体系理论上还有继续提升基质负荷的潜力.     

An innovative approach to minimize excess sludge production in sewage treatment using integrated bioreactors

The present investigation deals with an application of integrated sequential oxic and anoxic bioreactor(SOABR) and fluidized immobilized cell carbon oxidation(FICCO) reactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater with minimum sludge generation. The performance of integrated SOABR-FICCO system was evaluated on treating the domestic wastewater at hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 3 hr and 6 hr for 120 days at organic loading rate(OLR)of 191 ± 31 mg/(L·hr). The influent wastewater was characterized by chemical oxygen demand(COD) 573 ± 93 mg/L; biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5) 197 ± 35 mg/L and total suspended solids(TSS) 450 ± 136 mg/L. The integrated SOABR-FICCO reactors have established a significant removal of COD by 94% ± 1%, BOD5 by 95% ± 0.6% and TSS by 95% ± 4% with treated domestic wastewater characteristics COD 33 ± 5 mg/L; BOD59 ± 0.8 mg/L and TSS 17 ± 9 mg/L under continuous mode of operation for 120 days. The mass of dry sludge generated from SOABR-FICCO system was 22.9 g/m~3. The sludge volume index of sludge formed in the SOABR reactor was 32 mL/g and in FICCO reactor it was 46 mL/g. The sludge formed in SOABR and FICCO reactor was characterized by TGA, DSC and SEM analysis. Overall, the results demonstrated that the integrated SOABR-FICCO reactors substantially removed the pollution parameters from domestic wastewater with minimum sludge production.     

Effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures were comparatively investigated in two identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors(SBBRs)(denoted SBBR1 and SBBR2) at different nitrogen loading rates(NLRs) varying from(0.24 ± 0.01) to(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day). SBBR1 was operated in parallel with SBBR2, but SBBR1 was filled with polyurethane foam loaded tourmaline(TPU) carriers and another(SBBR2) filled with polyurethane foam(PU) carriers. Results obtained from this study showed that the excellent and stable performance of SBBR1 was obtained. Ammonia nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal were higher in SBBR1 than that in SBBR2 with increase of NLR. At an NLR of(0.24 ± 0.01) g N/(L·day), the majority of the spherical and elliptical bacteria were surrounded by the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) and bacillus or filamentous bacteria in two SBBRs biofilms. When NLR increased to(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day), the clusters were more obvious in the SBBR1 biofilm than that in the SBBR2 biofilm. Bacteria in SBBR1 were inclined to synthesis more EPS, and the formed EPS could protect the bacteria from free ammonia(FA) under extreme condition NLR(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day). The results of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the microbial community similarity in SBBR2 decreased more obviously than that in SBBR1 with the increase of NLR, which the microbial community in SBBR1 was relatively stable.