焙烧钒矿脱硫剂的脱硫性能

石灰石/石膏法脱硫存在结垢、堵塞、副产品销路困难等问题,而传统钒矿提钒生产过程中硫酸等资源消耗大污染严重.针对以上2个问题,进行了以焙烧钒矿作为脱硫剂,在中试规模的环栅式喷射鼓泡塔中脱除烟气中的二氧化硫,同时二氧化硫又用于焙烧钒矿中V2O5提取的耦合工艺的研究.结果表明,当进气压降为3.0kPa,气体流量为2350m3.h-1左右,钒矿浆液pH值在4.5以上时,脱硫效率持续稳定在90%左右,整个过程长达20min;脱硫率随吸收剂循环次数的增加而增加,2次循环比1次循环的脱硫率高3.5%;吸收塔运行约40min后,塔中钒的平均浸出率为20%左右,脱硫渣再用5%的稀硫酸浸取10h后浸取率可达到60%.焙烧钒矿是一种较好的新型脱硫剂,脱硫渣可副产具有工业应用价值的五氧化二钒产品,并且解决了传统提钒工艺中钠离子废水对环境造成的污染问题.因此,该法是一种较好的资源化烟气脱硫方法,可应用于脱硫或湿法冶金等行业.     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Neural-fuzzy control system application for monitoring process response and control of anaerobic hybrid reactor in wastewater treatment and biogas production

Based on the developed neural-fuzzy control system for anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) in wastewater treatment and biogas production, the neural network with backpropagation algorithm for prediction of the variables pH, alkalinity (Alk) and total volatile acids (TVA) at present day time t was used as input data for the fuzzy logic to calculate the influent feed flow rate that was applied to control and monitor the process response at di erent operations in the initial, overload influent feeding and the recovery phases. In all three phases, this neural-fuzzy control system showed great potential to control AHR in high stability and performance and quick response. Although in the overloading operation phase II with two fold calculating influent flow rate together with a two fold organic loading rate (OLR), this control system had rapid response and was sensitive to the intended overload. When the influent feeding rate was followed by the calculation of control system in the initial operation phase I and the recovery operation phase III, it was found that the neural-fuzzy control system application was capable of controlling the AHR in a good manner with the pH close to 7, TVA/Alk < 0.4 and COD removal > 80% with biogas and methane yields at 0.45 and 0.30 m3/kg COD removed.     

Hydraulic characteristics of an anaerobic ba ed reactor as onsite wastewater treatment system

The feasibility of using anaerobic ba ed reactor (ABR) as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed. The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented under di erent peak flow factors (PFF of 1 to 6), superficial gas velocities (between 0.6 and 3.1 cm/hr) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) (24, 36 and 48 hr). Residence time distribution (RTD) analyses were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the ABR. It was found that the PFF resulted in hydraulic dead space. The dead space did not exceed 13% at PFF of 1, 2 and 4 while there was 2-fold increase (26%) at PFF of 6. Superficial gas velocities did not result in more (biological) dead space. The mixing pattern of ABR tended to be a completelymixed reactor when PFF increased. Superficial gas velocities did not a ect mixing pattern. The e ects of PFF on mixing pattern could be minimized by higher HRT (48 hr). The tank-in-series (TIS) model (N = 4) was suitable to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the studied system. The HRT of 48 hr was able to maintain the mixing pattern under di erent flow patterns, introducing satisfactory hydraulic e ciency. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removals under all flow patterns were achieved more than 85% and 90%, respectively. The standard deviation of e uent COD and TSS concentration did not exceed 15 mg/L.     

废溶剂油中二甲苯/醋酸丁酯分离研究

研究了以均相间歇精馏和非均相共沸间歇精馏从工业废溶剂油中分离二甲苯和醋酸丁酯。对预处理后的原料进行了间歇精馏工艺实验研究,考察了分离温度、时间、回流比,共沸剂与废溶剂油的体积比等操作参数对分离过程的影响,并对实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,采用非均相共沸间歇精馏可基本实现二甲苯和醋酸丁酯与其他杂质的分离,非均相共沸间歇精馏优于均相间歇精馏。     

UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能研究

UASB及其衍生反应器是厌氧生物处理技术中最重要的处理工艺和处理装置,在有机废水处理中发挥着重要作用。在对UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能进行比较分析的基础上,研究了影响UASB反应器运行性能的主要控制因素,并对其工艺发展进行了探讨,以利于对UASB及其衍生反应器的科学选择和厌氧处理工艺的创新研究。     

生物膜反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能研究

利用厌氧氨氧化生物膜反应器,分别研究提高基质浓度和缩短水力停留时间(HRT)对提高反应器总氮容积去除负荷的影响。实验之前总氮容积去除负荷达到2.11kgN(/m·3d),总氮去除率为87.9%。以提高基质浓度的方式经过50d的培养,总氮容积去除负荷稳定在4.0kgN(/m·3d),进水总氮浓度从300mg/L逐渐提高到700mg/L,NH4+-N、NO2--N出水浓度分别达到70mg/L和100mg/L;以缩短HRT的方式经过55d的培养,总氮容积去除负荷达到7.0kgN(/m·3d),HRT由3h缩短至0.67h,NH4+-N、NO2--N出水浓度分别达到40mg/L和60mg/L。实验结果表明随着进水基质浓度的增加水中游离氨和亚硝酸的浓度随之增加,从而抑制厌氧氨氧化菌活性,不利于反应器脱氮效能的提高。在相同总氮容积负荷下缩短HRT有利于厌氧氨氧化细菌的富集,但过短的HRT容易导致微生物流失。     

造纸法烟草薄片生产废水的处理

利用厌氧反应器技术＋高效絮凝处理造纸法烟草薄片生产废水,CODCr可从6000mg／L降到2000mg／L以下,再用去除率高达90％的SBR序批式反应器技术进行深度处理,废水经处理可达标排放（CODCr≤100mg／L）。     

气浮-水解酸化-UBF—SBR工艺处理硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水的试验研究

抗生素工业废水具有成分复杂、污染物浓度高、色度大、生物毒性等特点,比较难于治理,硫酸卷曲霉素是常用的抗生素之一,除具备抗生素污水上述特点外,还存在pH值波动范围大,水质、水量不均,SO4^2-浓度高等问题,研究采用气浮-水解酸化-UBF—SBR工艺处理含有硫酸卷曲霉素的污水,在进水COD浓度6000mg／L-20000mg,／L、SS浓度3000mg／L-8000mg／L的条件下,通过优化气浮药剂用量、水解酸化池废水停留时间、UBF池的客积负荷、SBR池的污泥负荷等处理工艺,使出水水质能够达到COD〈150mg／L、BOD5〈50mg／L、NH3-N〈20mg／L。     

UASB处理高浓度硫酸盐废水启动过程污泥特性变化

跟踪比较一套处理高浓度硫酸盐污水的UASB反应器从启动驯化到稳定运行的243 d内污泥特性的变化.结果显示颗粒污泥的形成与生物活性直接影响反应器的处理效率.反应器启动初期颗粒污泥的平均粒径由种泥的1.82 mm减少至0.99 mm;随着负荷增加、水力停留时间缩短,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈逐步增长趋势.采用N2吹脱反应器内产生的H_2S,N_2流量为60 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥的平均粒径快速增长至1.51 mm;N_2流量为100 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈现下降趋势;N_2连续吹脱使得反应器内不同高度污泥的平均粒径趋于接近.污泥中活性微生物的量(MLVSS)在启动初期先降后升,升至33.59 g·L~(-1)之后平稳增长到49.72 g·L~(-1),活性污泥中微生物所占悬浮固体量的比例(MLVSS/MLSS)也呈相同的变化趋势,先下降后升至0.36之后平稳升至0. 50;相关性分析表明,反应器硫酸盐还原效率与MLVSS呈显著正相关(r=0.918,p=0.003),驯化过程中SO_4~(2-)还原效率为30%～95%.电镜分析表明,接种时颗粒污泥表面粗糙,结构松散,多为丝状菌、杆菌、球菌;驯化后颗粒污泥表面光滑内部微生物结构紧密,菌群密集,多为弧菌、杆菌.硫酸盐还原反应器驯化过程中负荷、水力停留时间、反应器内水力上升流速、以及N2吹脱强度和时间都影响颗粒污泥粒径的变化;污泥中菌群组成的变化也可能是影响颗粒污泥粒径变化因素之一.