四川西昌盆地下二叠统层序特征及充填模式

四川西昌盆地下二叠统的地层划分对比争议较大,油气勘探程度低。本文通过详细的露头层序地层学研究,结合层序地球化学方法和原理,对西昌盆地下二叠统进行了层序划分和对比,结果表明：西昌盆地下二叠统地层可划分为1 个二级层序、2 个层序组和6 个三级层序;P₁q 层序组构成下二叠统二级层序的LST 和TST,层序4 下部发育的（茅口组底部）凝缩层相当于二级层序的最大海泛面,而P₁m 中上部（包括层序4 中上部、层序5、6）则构成HST;西昌地区下二叠统层序发育形成过程,总体表现为海平面上升和盆地不断向古陆超覆;沉积序列、古氧相含量、锶含量、碳氧同位素和TOC 的变化旋回揭示西昌盆地早二叠世经历了六次三级海平面变化旋回（六个三级层序）,在华南地区乃至全球范围内均可进行对比;建立的层序充填模式揭示出早Hessian 早期全球海平面上升,盆地不断向古陆超覆,奠定了早二叠世西昌海域盆地的轮廓,Roadian 早期海平面上升达到最高位,并沉积一套整个华南均可对比的眼球状灰岩或页状藻灰岩,Capitanian 晚期全球构造海平面下降,结束了西昌地区克拉通盆地的演化阶段。     

交替好氧/缺氧运行模式对生物脱氮效能及活性污泥胞外聚合物的影响

以实际生活废水为处理对象,考察了SBR工艺好氧/缺氧(O/A)和缺氧/好氧(A/O)运行模式对生物脱氮性能、胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)及其组分(蛋白质PN、多糖PS和核酸DNA)的影响.结果表明,O/A和A/O运行模式下,SBR工艺均获得了高效稳定的NH_4~+-N去除,去除率分别为97.5%和98.0%,且硝化速率与NH_4~+-N负荷呈现较好正相关性.交替缺氧/好氧运行模式对于EPS影响,A/O模式下EPS产量略高于O/A模式下,且运行模式对TB-EPS及其组分(PN、PS和DNA)产量无显著影响,但A/O模式下LB-EPS及其组分(PN和PS)产量均高于O/A模式下,倍数介于1.38~1.56之间.2种模式条件下,PS是TB-EPS和EPS的主要组分,而PN是LB-EPS的主要成分.EPS含量与污泥沉降性能具有良好的线性正相关.     

环境试验顺序的选择

文章首先介绍了环境试验的目的及其重要性,再通过环境试验对产品的影响以及试验项目之间的相互关系,阐述环境试验顺序应遵循的一般原则,说明合理的安排试验顺序的重要性.     

Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater and superficial water: Are they genetically related?

Many studies have reported the presence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in environmental samples such as hospital wastewater and surface water. The present study evaluated the contribution of untreated hospital wastewater to the dissemination of resistant P. aeruginosa strains in aquatic environments, through the analysis of their antibiotic susceptibility profile and genetic similarity. Wastewater samples were collected from two hospitals located in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. Superficial water samples were collected from water bodies that received this wastewater discharge. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the strains were determined using the disk-diffusion technique and their genotyping was done by amplification of the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequences (ERIC-PCR). The antibiotic resistance was higher among the hospital wastewater strains and the multiresistant phenotype was also observed only among these strains. The ERIC-PCR profiles did not reveal any genetic similarity among the P. aeruginosa strains from the wastewater and superficial water samples. On the contrary, they showed that genetically distinct populations were established in these different environments and probably that some other contamination source could be contributing to the presence of resistant strains in these water bodies.     

Prenatal diagnosis in a family with X-linked hydrocephalus

The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Its expression is essential during embryonic development of the nervous system and it is involved in cognitive function and memory. Mutations in the L1CAM gene are responsible for four related L1 disorders; X-linked hydrocephalus/HSAS (H ydrocephalus as a result of S tenosis of the A queduct of S ylvius), MASA (M ental retardation, A phasia, S huffling gait, and A dducted thumbs) syndrome, X-linked complicated spastic paraplegia type I (SPG1) and X-linked A genesis of the C orpus C allosum (ACC). These four disorders represent a clinical spectrum that varies both between and within families. The main clinical features of this spectrum are C orpus callosum hypoplasia, mental R etardation, A dducted thumbs, S pastic paraplegia and H ydrocephalus (CRASH syndrome). Since there is no biochemically assayed disease marker, molecular analysis of the L1CAM gene is the only means of confirming a clinical diagnosis. Most L1CAM mutations reported to date are point mutations (missense, nonsense, splice site) and only a few patients with larger rearrangements have been documented. We have characterised a rare intragenic deletion of the L1CAM gene in a sample of DNA extracted from a chorionic villus biopsy (CVB) performed at 12 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Sediment Budget for an Urbanizing Watershed, 1951‐1996, Montgomery County, Maryland,U.S.A.1

Abstract: Despite widespread interest, few sediment budgets are available to document patterns of erosion and sedimentation in developing watersheds. We assess the sediment budget for the Good Hope Tributary, a small watershed (4.05 km²) in Montgomery County, Maryland, from 1951‐1996. Lacking monitoring data spanning the period of interest, we rely on a variety of indirect and stratigraphic methods. Using regression equations relating sediment yield to construction, we estimated an upland sediment production of 5,700 m³ between 1951 and 1996. Regression equations indicate that channel cross‐sectional area is correlated with the extent of development; these relationships, when combined with historical land use data, suggest that upland sediment yield was augmented by 6,400 m³ produced by enlargement of first‐order and second‐order stream channels. We used dendrochronology to estimate that 4,000 m³ of sediment was stored on the floodplain from 1951‐1996. The sediment yield from the watershed, obtained by summing upstream contributions, totals 8,100 m³ of sediment, or 135 tons/km²/year. These results indicate that upland erosion, channel enlargement, and floodplain storage are all significant components of the sediment budget of our study area, and all three are approximately equal in magnitude. Erosion of “legacy” floodplain sediments originally deposited during poor agricultural practices of the 19th and early 20th Centuries has likely contributed between 0 and 20% of the total sediment yield, indicating that these remobilized deposits are not a dominant component of the sediment yield of our study area.     

中国国土空间规划法律体系：问题检视与框架重构

通过对现行空间规划法律规范的体系性检视,发现由于立法策略、部门立法以及规划立法依附性等原因,其存在顶层立法付之阙如、外部结构冗杂扁平、内部规范碎片冲突等问题。遵循领域法、发展法以及体系化逻辑,国土空间规划立法应以现实问题与治理现代化为导向,在突破部门法壁垒的同时注重法制发展的接续性,力求实现国土空间规划法律体系的形式协调与价值融贯。构建国土空间规划法律体系,对内应确立国土空间规划法的基本法地位并辅之以配套立法,对外应注重与国土空间开发保护法等相关立法、国土空间政策与技术标准的衔接,最终构架起一个主轴明确、层次严密、差序有别的圆锥状国土空间规划法律体系。     

Importance of timely metadata curation to the global surveillance of genetic diversity

Genetic diversity within species represents a fundamental yet underappreciated level of biodiversity. Because genetic diversity can indicate species resilience to changing climate, its measurement is relevant to many national and global conservation policy targets. Many studies produce large amounts of genome-scale genetic diversity data for wild populations, but most (87%) do not include the associated spatial and temporal metadata necessary for them to be reused in monitoring programs or for acknowledging the sovereignty of nations or Indigenous peoples. We undertook a distributed datathon to quantify the availability of these missing metadata and to test the hypothesis that their availability decays with time. We also worked to remediate missing metadata by extracting them from associated published papers, online repositories, and direct communication with authors. Starting with 848 candidate genomic data sets (reduced representation and whole genome) from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, we determined that 561 contained mostly samples from wild populations. We successfully restored spatiotemporal metadata for 78% of these 561 data sets (n = 440 data sets with data on 45,105 individuals from 762 species in 17 phyla). Examining papers and online repositories was much more fruitful than contacting 351 authors, who replied to our email requests 45% of the time. Overall, 23% of our email queries to authors unearthed useful metadata. The probability of retrieving spatiotemporal metadata declined significantly as age of the data set increased. There was a 13.5% yearly decrease in metadata associated with published papers or online repositories and up to a 22% yearly decrease in metadata that were only available from authors. This rapid decay in metadata availability, mirrored in studies of other types of biological data, should motivate swift updates to data-sharing policies and researcher practices to ensure that the valuable context provided by metadata is not lost to conservation science forever.     

玛纳斯河水质参数时空变化规律与趋势分析

干旱区水环境质量的好坏直接决定着绿洲经济建设的水平.通过对玛纳斯河15年来的水质监测资料的分析、研究,从中寻找出该流域的地表及地下水质变化规律与发展趋势.研究结果表明：玛河径流形成区及山前倾斜平原区水质一直保持在一级未受污染级别;山前倾斜平原区地下水中挥发酚以及氮素含量逐年上升,但总体水质仍然保持在一级未受污染级别的范围.     

沿固体木板面火蔓延状况的影像测量方法研究

本文就火在固体木板面蔓延的影像测量方法进行了研究，提出了利用彩色序列影像进行固体木板表面火蔓延状况测量的新方法，通过对垂直木板面和倾斜木板面火蔓延的实际测量试验，验证了该方法的有效性。