SBR亚硝化快速启动过程中影响因子研究

在低DO条件下对SBR反应器实现快速亚硝化的途径及影响因素进行研究.控制反应器主要参数为：DO 0.15～0.40mg/L,pH值7.52～8.30,温度22.3～27.1℃,曝气时间为8 h.通过高、低氨氮浓度（245.28 mg/L与58.08 mg/L）交替进水的方式,经过57个周期（36 d）的稳定运行成功实现...     

A.Tessier逐级提取程序应用于土镉形态研究的可靠性

以国家级土壤标准物GBW07401为样本,定量添加不同化学形态的镉,对较流行的加拿大地球化学家Andre’Tessier推荐的颗粒态痕量金属形态逐级提取程序进行了可靠性研究.结果表明,这一程序能以较高的准确度、精密度对土壤中各种形态的镉进行逐级提取.尽管各级分间有跨级现象,全部加标试样的平均镉回收率为97.93％.     

序批式活性污泥法处理毛皮废水的研究

采用序批式活性污泥法处理毛皮模拟废水的试验条件为：水温２０℃,ＤＯ２ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤｃｒ１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＯＤ５ ９００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＭＬＳＳ ２１００ｍｇ／Ｌ增至２６００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,试验结果表明,采用限制曝气方式运行的序批式活性污泥系统最不易发生污泥膨胀。     

厌氧-好氧序列间歇式反应器处理生物制药废水的研究

采用厌氧序列间歇反应器与好氧序列间歇反应器相结合的技术,处理生物制药废水。结果表明,经7.0h厌氧搅拌处理和6.0h好氧曝气处理,进水COD为1180~3061mg/L,出水COD小于300mg/L,COD去除率在78.9%~92.8%之间,出水COD满足国家生物制药行业废水排放标准要求。      

不同培养方式下兽疫链球菌发酵生产透明质酸的研究

对摇瓶的分批和补料、小罐的分批和流加发酵生产透明质酸（ＨＡ） 进行了比较研究,并对发酵机制进行了初步的探讨．在耗糖量相同的情况下,分批发酵比多次加料或流加发酵具有更高的ＨＡ产量和转化率;分批发酵初糖７％ ,发酵２４ ｈ 左右,产ＨＡ３．６ ｇ／Ｌ,转化率５．３ ％ ,流加发酵初糖３％ ,１５ ｈ 耗糖７％ ,此时,ＨＡ 为３ ．０ ｇ／Ｌ,转化率Ｙｐ／ｓ４．２％ ,继续发酵至２０ ｈ ,产ＨＡ４ ．０％ ,此时转化率Ｙｐ／ｓ３ ．６％ ,两种发酵所产ＨＡ 的Ｍｒ 均为２ ．０×１０６ ． 分批发酵中ＨＡ、副产物乳酸都和菌体生长相偶联,流加发酵中乳酸和菌体生长是偶联的,其含量均不断增加,ＨＡ含量表现为在菌体生长前期与之偶联,而后下降．流加发酵的菌体比生长速率远高于分批发酵．     

ASBR中强化活性污泥与普通活性污泥降解啤酒废水的对照研究

在厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)中采用优势菌群对活性污泥进行强化,驯化出强化活性污泥。与普通活性污泥处理啤酒废水对照显示,强化活性污泥较普通厌氧污泥驯化成熟时间短,处理效果更稳定、更有效,CODcr去除率最高达95％。培育出的强化活性污泥颗粒粒径为1．5～2．5cm,较普通活性污泥颗粒粒径更大,更均匀。     

长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物中磷的形态及其与水相磷的关系

研究了长江中下游22个不同生态类型的浅水湖泊表层沉积物中磷的地球化学形态及水相磷含量等水质特征.对沉积物中磷形态的连续提取分析发现,自然粒度下,绝大部分湖泊的沉积物中90%以上的磷是以生物较难利用的形态存在的,活性磷所占比例很小.而在严重污染的城市湖泊中,活性磷含量则可以占到总磷的35%以上.沉积物中活性磷含量的高低与总磷含量并不一致.水草的存在对水相磷含量及沉积物中磷的活性都有显著的影响.水相磷的含量与沉积物中交换态磷的含量、沉积物铁磷比有显著的相关关系.研究表明,沉积物地球化学性质、水体营养盐含量及浅水湖泊生态类型之间存在复杂而密切的联系.     

Solubility and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in Two Contaminated Urban Soils from Stockholm,Sweden

The solubility and potential mobility of heavy metals (Cd, Cu,Hg, Pb and Zn) in two urban soils were studied by sequential andleaching extractions (rainwater). Compared to rural (arable) soils on similar parent material, the urban soils were highlycontaminated with Hg and Pb and to a lesser extent also with Cd,Cu and Zn. Metal concentrations in rainwater leachates were related to sequential extractions and metal levels reported fromStockholm groundwater. Cadmium and Zn in the soils were mainly recovered in easily extractable fractions, whereas Cu and Pb were complex bound. Concentrations of Pb in the residual fractionwere between two- and eightfold those in arable soils, indicatingthat the sequential extraction scheme did not reflect the solidphases affected by anthropogenic inputs. Cadmium and Zn conc. inthe rainwater leachates were within the range detected in Stockholm groundwater, while Cu and Pb conc. were higher, whichsuggests that Cu and Pb released from the surface soil were immobilised in deeper soil layers. In a soil highly contaminatedwith Hg, the Hg conc. in the leachate was above the median concentration, but still 50 times lower than the max concentration found in groundwater, indicating the possibilityof other sources. In conclusion, it proved difficult to quantitatively predict the mobility of metals in soils by sequential extractions.     

两级序批式MBR膜污染特性研究

采用两级SBR与膜法相结合的两级序批式MBR工艺处理生活污水,考察两级序批式运行模式对膜污染特性的影响.对运行111 d后的平板膜污染阻力分布进行了测算,并对两级序批式MBR与连续流单级好氧MBR的平板膜污染速率进行对比试验.结果表明: 两级序批式MBR的平板膜污染阻力以凝胶极化阻力为主,占总阻力的43%,沉积阻力较低,仅占总阻力的10%;与连续流单级好氧MBR相比,两级序批式MBR可以在更高的膜通量下运行,保持更低的膜污染速率,在运行42 d后,过膜流量从100 L/h下降至85 L/h,过膜压差从1.52×10~4 Pa增加至2.22×10~4 Pa;而连续流好氧MBR系统,过膜流量从61 L/h降低至39 L/h,过膜压差却从1.01×10~4 Pa增加至2.63×10~4 Pa.研究表明,两级序批式MBR工艺可以改善膜过滤过程的水力条件,从而有效地减缓浓差极化,降低沉积污染及凝胶层污染,序批式、膜间歇运行与空曝的结合起到了关键性作用.     

The formation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of real landfill leachate using a granular sequencing batch reactor at a constant volume

Leachate generated in a landfill may not be treated by conventional biological treatment due to its nature and complexity. The process of forming aerobic granules in batch sequencing reactors having features such as; reducing the settling process time and saving energy consumption and high decomposition rate have been noticed by researchers. In the present study, the structure of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was evaluated for the formation of granules, which were subsequently utilized for the treatment of landfill leachate. The experiment was initiated by using the GSBR, containing 1200 ml with different apparatuses, to develop granular sludge, and synthetic wastewater was added to reinforcement. The selected parameters for the operational hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the wastewater (6-h cycles) included feeding, idle, aeration, settling, and discharge. Furthermore, the controlled conditions were the dissolved oxygen (DO) range of 2–2.2 mg/L, temperature range of 20–23℃, and pH of 7.5–8.3. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and sludge volume index (SVI) daily were measured at the influent and effluent of GSBR reactor. The main properties of aerobic granular sludge were identified during the research procedures, and the remarkable settling and potent, high-density microbial structure of the granules were confirmed. The mean size of the formulated granules was estimated at 7.46 ± 1.8 mm, and the volume of the biomass also increased from approximately 1607 to 4137 mg/L through the granulation process. Moreover, 98% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be removed by the formulated granular sludge, and the final-stage organic loading rate was estimated at 5.65 COD/m³/day. According to the results, GSBRs could be employed for the formulation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of landfill leachate.