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151.
以连续提取法研究了我国南方主要酸性土壤铝的形态及其分布特点,探讨了不同铝形态之间的关系及其与母质、成土过程、环境条件的联系。还研究了土壤酸化对铝形态转化的影响.并以连续提取法提取的三种铝形态(交换性铝、活性羟基铝,有机络合态铝)来讨论现今常用的Al。(Tamm溶液提取)和Ald(DCB溶液提取)所可能包含的实际土壤铝形态,分析表明,Al0和Ald无明确的形态意义,只是上种由操作定义的多形态组成的混合物。 相似文献
152.
153.
154.
对序批式反应器 (SBR)用于牛场污水的处理进行了试验研究 ,主要研究了三个水力停留时间 (HRT)和有机负荷率对污染物去除率、出水水质和污泥特性的影响。试验结果表明 ,对 10 0 0 0mg/LCOD牛场污水 ,使用 1dHRT ,相应有机负荷率为 10gCOD/L·d时 ,混合出水COD、TS、VS、TKN和TN的去除率分别为 45 %、2 1.4%、34 .2 %、5 3.2 %和 2 2 .2 % ,上清液出水的分别为 80 .2 %、6 3.4%、6 6 .2 %、75 %和 38.3% ;两种出水的SCOD和NH3 N去除率相同 ,分别为 5 0 .0 %和 76 .5 %。经SBR处理后 ,污泥的沉降浓缩性能也有了比较明显的改善。 相似文献
155.
Almeida CM Mucha AP Vasconcelos MT 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(5):271-277
Goal, Scope and Background The presence or absence of vegetation can condition sediment characteristics. The main aim of this work was to investigate
the influence of the sea rush Juncus maritimus on metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) availability to organisms living
on or in estuarine sediments, from Douro River (NW Portugal), by comparing the characteristics and chemical behaviour of rhizosediments
(collected within the plant assemblage) and those of sediment (collected around the plant). In order to evaluate whether and
how sediment characteristics condition the role of plants on metal availability, sandy and muddy sediments colonised by J.
maritimus were studied in parallel.
Methods Metal availability was estimated by enzymatic digestion with pepsin (ED), which may provide an estimate of metal availability
to organisms living at estuarine sediments. Nevertheless, since no consensus exists yet on the most suitable methodologies
to estimate metal bioavailability in sediments, two more conventional approaches, BCR sequential extraction (SE) and AVS/SEM
model, were also used, in parallel, and the information these approaches provided was compared with that provided by ED. Total-recoverable
metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after sediment digestion using a high-pressure microwave
system.
Results and Discussion Plants could concentrate metals around its roots and rhizomes. In addition, they were capable of oxidizing (release of oxygen
by the roots) the anaerobic medium surrounding their roots in muddy sediment (reducing AVS). As sulphide oxidation renders
metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) into more soluble forms, according to the AVS/SEM model, metals from muddy sites would be more
available in rhizosediment than in sediment. The SE approach led to a similar conclusion. Nevertheless, the results provided
by ED pointed at opposite conclusion, particularly for Cd and Zn, indicating less availability at rhizosediments than in the
surrounding sediment. ED results were interpreted as a consequence of an enrichment of the rhizosediment in organic ligands
exuded by the roots or liberated by dead plants. The effect of complexation of metals by organic compounds, which ED could
not decompose/dissolve, seemed to overcome that caused by sediment oxidation. In general, a comparison of the information
about metal availability by ED, SE, AVS/SEM, showed that it did not always match and in few cases it was even contradictory.
Conclusion and Outlook Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the metal availability in sediments requires a combination of different chemical approaches,
so as to take into consideration differences in ways of organism exposure (interstitial water and/or ingestion of sediment
particles).
- * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August
to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France. 相似文献
156.
研究了生物废水处理应用于序半连续式反应器(SFBR)工艺中的微生物生长、硝化和反硝化动力学。基于活性污泥1号模型(ASMNo. 1)中的原理和结论,导出了在有氧阶段和缺氧阶段微生物生长速率、铵、硝酸盐、易生物降解基质等的反应速率及它们的物料平衡方程。在实验的基础上,对模型中的各参数采用了合适的方法进行参数估值,即:龙格库塔法解常微分方程组和黄金分割法搜索最小误差,该模型的最小误差ε≈4 799;得出了应用于本工艺中数学模型中的各动力学参数和化学计量系数,如KS 39. 997,KNO 0 .397,KNH 1 997,KOA 0 .404,KOH 0. 297, μA 0 .0026,μH 0. 207,YA 0 .24,YH. 0 6。 相似文献
157.
好氧颗粒污泥实现同步硝化反硝化 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
采用人工配制的模拟生活污水,通过对运行条件的调控,在序批式反应器(SBR)中培养出了高活性的好氧颗粒污泥,颗粒污泥浓度达到4.55g/L以上,SVI值在32.5左右,反应器对于COD、NH3—N的去除率分别在83.6%—92.8%和82.3%—98.5%之间。实验结果表明:由于好氧颗粒污泥的存在,SBR反应器内发生了同步硝化反硝化(SND)反应,而不是通常所认为的顺序式硝化反硝化(SQND)反应。 相似文献
158.
Changes in speciation and mobility of As by indigenous bacteria in As-contaminated sediments (339 mg/kg) from an abandoned
Au–Ag mine area in Korea were investigated after biostimulation with a variety of carbon sources, including acetate, lactate
and glucose in batch experiments. Sequential extraction analysis designed to determine the form of As occurrence revealed
that 40 and 47% of As were present in the sediment as Fe-associated and residual fractions, respectively. After 22-day incubation
with acetate and lactate, the presence of indigenous bacteria increased the amount of total dissolved As from both Fe-associated
and residual fractions in the sediment. More than 99% of dissolved As existed as As(V) in biotic slurries in contrast to sterile
controls (less than 50% of total dissolved As), which indicated that indigenous bacteria transformed some dissolved As(III)
to As(V). In real environments, depending on the pH, microbially-produced aqueous As(V) may be either immobilized through
adsorption or reduced to As(III) after migration to the anoxic subsurface. 相似文献
159.
序批式生物膜法同步除磷脱氮特性研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对淹没序批式生物膜法去除有机物和磷及同步部分脱氮的特性进行了研究。其适合的载体装填密度为30%,水力停留时间为9h,其中厌氧3h,好氧6h,进水COD负荷从0.27kg/(m^3.d)到1.32kg/(m^3.d)均可使除磷率达90%以上,脱氮率达50%-60%。淹没式生物膜法除磷脱氮工艺中的优势菌属为假单胞菌属,其次依顺序为气单胞菌属,芽孢杆菌属,微球菌属,硝化矸菌属,生物膜具有生物量大(MLVSS达5531.7mg/L),脱落污泥含磷量高(达5.67%),沉降性好(SVI为101.7)的特点,污泥产率为0.1996kg干泥/kgCOD。 相似文献
160.