塿土中可给态镍浸提方法的研究

在前人工作的基础上,应用主成分分析、逐步回归分析和通径分析的方法,提出了(土娄)土中可给态镍的浸提方法及影响可给态镍的土壤性质.结果表明,DTPA浸提法可作为(土娄)土中可给态镍的浸提方法,铁锰氧化物结合态镍是(土娄)土可给镍的主要来源.碳酸盐结合态镍和有机质结合态镍是(土娄)土可给镍的潜在来源.它们在调控可给态镍的储量上起着重要作用.影响(土娄)土可给态镍最重要的土壤性质是pH和E_h_7.     

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), which was designed independently. At the liquid temperature of (32 ± 0.4)°C, and after a 58-days domestication period and a 33-days stabilization period, the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%. Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria, and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria and nitritebacteria. This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH. During the aeration stage, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2–1.4 mg/L. The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually. During the anoxic stage, along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen, ANAMMOX bacteria became dominant; then, the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(1): 55–60 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater

An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition, and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification. An average concentration of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification. Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentration increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L. The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm. The influent concentration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency, but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration. It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements. At optimum operating parameters, the TN removal efficiency of 74%–82% could be achieved. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

SBBR工艺的现状与发展

序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)是目前正在研究、应用的一种污水生物处理新工艺，它是在SBR的基础上发展起来的，既保留了SBR的诸多优点，又有不同于SBR的特点。由于SBBR工艺的脱氮除磷效果好，自动化程度高，运行管理简单，基建费用低，运行费用省，推广到城市污水处理中，必将产生良好的环境效益和社会效益，其应用前景十分广阔。     

盐度对中试厌氧氨氧化脱氮特性的影响及其恢复动力学

采用中试ASBR反应器(530 L),以逐步提高Cl~-浓度的方式考察了厌氧氨氧化菌(An AOB)处理高盐废水的脱氮特性.结果表明,采用逐步盐度驯化的方式,An AOB可适应高盐度(Cl~-浓度10 000 mg·L~(-1))环境进行高效脱氮(TN去除率高达92. 3%).其中,在Cl~-浓度6 000 mg·L~(-1)和10 000 mg·L~(-1)两个梯度内,反应器脱氮性能受到了较大影响,但随着驯化过程的持续进行可逐步恢复.修正的Boltzmann模型能较为准确地拟合An AOB受到不同盐度抑制后的活性恢复过程,相关系数R~2均在0. 96以上.得到的Cl~-浓度6 000 mg·L~(-1)和10 000 mg·L~(-1)时的恢复中间值tc分别为28. 765 d和44. 495 d,NRRmax分别为0. 145 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和0. 212 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),NRRmin分别为0. 021 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和0. 085 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).高盐度驯化后,厌氧氨氧化菌仍主要为Candidatus Brocadia和Candidatus Jettenia(其丰度分别是14. 76%和2. 7%),且污泥颗粒化程度和污泥密度均有不同程度的提高,污泥呈红褐色.     

中试SAD-ASBR系统处理含盐废水的启动与工艺特性

采用ASBR(530 L)接种A~2/O厌氧污泥,考察了厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)的启动及其与反硝化耦合处理含盐废水的脱氮特性,并对菌群结构进行了分析.结果表明,温度35℃±1℃、反应时间为14 h,160 d可实现ANAMMOX的成功启动.稳定运行阶段,ANAMMOX与反硝化耦合(SAD)使得总氮(TN)去除率和去除负荷分别达91.1%和0.45 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1);污泥呈浅红色颗粒状,厌氧氨氧化菌为优势菌,且主要菌属为Candidatus Brocadia(10.6%).此外,采用按梯度逐步提高盐度的驯化方式,可实现SAD对高盐(Cl-浓度8 000 mg·L-1)模拟火电厂废水的高效脱氮除碳,COD和TN去除率分别达93.2%和90.0%.推测SAD中反硝化主要为NO_3~--N→N_2,部分反硝化(NO_3~--N→NO_2~--N)仅占30.3%.     

一种高效测试污泥可生物降解性的实验方法研究

污泥的可生物降解性能由其有机组分的生物可及度和组分分子的复杂度共同决定。通过采用化学分级提取方法研究污泥组分的生物可及度,使用不同强度的提取溶液分离出4种化学可及度不同的提取组分,同时结合三维荧光光谱法对各组分中有机物质的复杂度进行分析。分析结果表明:组分的化学可及度与其生物可及度之间存在正相关关系;生物可及度较高,其成分有机物分子结构简单的组分SPOM(soluble particulate organic matter,SPOM)与REOM(readily extractible organic matter,REOM)在厌氧消化过程中降解率较高,分别为59.2%与46.3%的COD;而生物可及度低,组成复杂的组分SEOM(slowly extractible organic matter,SEOM)与PEOM(poorly extractible organic matter,PEOM)的生物降解率分别只有18.4%和5.8%的COD。     

好氧-厌氧污泥耦合白腐真菌单元对焦化废水的处理

白腐真菌因能分泌胞外木质素降解酶降解难降解有机污染物,而在难降解有机废水处理中具有巨大应用潜力.其研究常采用白腐真菌直接处理废水,很少关注常规生物法耦合白腐真菌的处理方式.基于此,分别采用白腐真菌和好氧-厌氧污泥耦合Phanerochaete Chrysosporium处理焦化废水以考察后者的可行性.在好氧-厌氧污泥耦合P.chrysosporium的处理中,仅采用3 d的处理时间,好氧-厌氧污泥可将6097 mg·L~(-1)的COD和351 mg·L~(-1)的氨氮分别降至1634~1684 mg·L~(-1)和102~117 mg·L~(-1);进而固定化P.chrysosporium将COD和氨氮再次分别降至1322~1372 mg·L~(-1)和16~62 mg·L~(-1).最终COD和氨氮的去除率分别达77%~78%和82%~95%,这表明:好氧-厌氧污泥耦合P.chrysosporium处理焦化废水可在更短的处理周期完成比直接采用白腐真菌处理更好的处理效果,此思路合理可行.     

Dairy Manure Treatment,Digestion and Nutrient Recovery as a Phosphate Fertilizer

A combined approach of biological treatment, solids digestion and nutrient recovery was tested on dairy manure. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated in three modes, in order to optimize nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removals. The highest average removal efficiencies of 91% for NH₄-N, 59% for PO₄-P and 80% for total chemical oxygen demand (COD) were achieved. Staining experiments suggested the coexistence of glycogen and phosphorus accumulating organisms. Anaerobic digestion of wasted bio-solids was able to produce a PO₄-P concentration of 70 mgL^?1 in the supernatant. A pilot-scale experiment, designed to recover phosphorus in the supernatant as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), was able to remove 82% of soluble PO₄-P.     

Insights into a novel nitrogen removal process based on simultaneous anammox and denitrification(SAD) following nitritation with in-situ NOB elimination

Simultaneous anammox and denitrification(SAD) is an efficient approach to treat wastewater having a low C/N ratio; however, few studies have investigated a combination of SAD and partial nitritation(PN). In this study, a lab-scale up-flow blanket filter(UBF) and zeolite sequence batch reactor(ZSBR) were continuously operated to implement SAD and PN advantages, respectively. The UBF achieved a high total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency of over 70% during the start-up stage(days 1–50), and reached...