某垃圾焚烧厂烟气净化工艺选择分析研究

主要介绍了目前国内外常用垃圾焚烧烟气净化工艺,结合某垃圾焚烧厂实际情况,对酸性气体净化工艺、半干法脱酸塔工艺、脱硝工艺等工艺方案进行了比选分析,最终确定采用带SNCR脱硝系统的"半干法循环流化吸收反应塔脱酸+活性炭喷射+布袋除尘器除尘"组合工艺对焚烧烟气进行净化,可同时脱氮、脱酸、除尘、除二噁英和重金属,污染物排放能满足《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB 18485-2014)的要求.     

Levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls in residues from incineration of established source-classified MSW in China

Municipal solid waste (MSW) source-classified collection represents an advancement in resource cycling and secondary pollution control in China. Comparative experiments were performed to assess the levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls in bottom ash, fly ash from boiler, and fly ash from bag filter from an MSW incineration plant with source-classified collection of MSW. Polychlorinated biphenyls were concentrated in the bag filter fly ash and in the bottom ash. The total amount of polychlorinated biphenyls was much lower than in fly ashes and bottom ash from traditional mixed waste incineration. Total concentration of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls and toxic equivalent quantities were also reduced. Due to variations of feed waste, complete combustion, including continuously high incineration temperature, low CO concentrations and high air excess ratio were observed. Incineration temperature showed a negative correlation, while CO concentration showed a positive correlation with total and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, indicating that the latter can be reduced by controlling combustion conditions related to properties of feed waste.     

医疗废物焚烧飞灰二英的热处理研究

比较了医疗废物焚烧飞灰在温度200～450℃,流动氮气和静态空气气氛中二(噁)英气固相行为变化.在流动氮气条件下,固相二(噁)英随温度升高逐渐增加,350下飞灰二(噁)英浓度升至最高,毒性当量浓度和总浓度分别增加了46.0%和26.0%,随后随着温度升高,二(噁)英含量逐渐降低,450℃条件下浓度减少至最低,分别减少了86.8%和80.5%.在静态空气下,固相二(噁)英随温度至250℃条件下,飞灰二(噁)英浓度升至最高,毒性当量浓度和总浓度分别增加了20.7%和28.7%,随着温度进一步升高,二(噁)英含量逐渐降低,450℃条件下浓度减至最低,分别减少了99.5%和99.5%.气相只有少量二(噁)英产生,仅占总产生量的0.11%～2.16%.本实验研究飞灰的最佳热处置条件为:静态空气条件下,450℃处置1 h.本研究中,分解反应在PCDDs与PCDFs的降解过程起到主要作用,而脱氯与脱附仅为次要作用.     

垃圾焚烧尾气干法脱酸工艺雾化系统的研究

生活垃圾焚烧厂尾气净化干法处理系统的急冷塔的喷水量越大,脱酸效率越高。但是喷水量大容易引起急冷塔发生湿壁现象,从而造成塔体的腐蚀。因此在保证喷水量的同时,需要对急冷塔雾化系统进行详细研究,最大程度地减少急冷反应塔的湿壁与腐蚀现象发生。     

苏州市生活垃圾两种处置方法的生命周期影响评价

采用生命周期评价的方法,比较了苏州市垃圾填埋和垃圾焚烧2种处置方法对环境的影响。研究的系统范围主要包括垃圾收集、垃圾运输、垃圾填埋或焚烧以及发电等几个部分。采用收集的垃圾组分数据,利用IPCC推荐的模型等,计算了垃圾填埋和垃圾焚烧时CO₂等气体污染物的排放量。根据对垃圾渗滤液的实测数据,计算了水污染物的排放量。环境影响评价采用日本开发的AIST-LCA Ver4计算机软件进行。计算结果表明：垃圾填埋的生态币值要大得多,可见垃圾焚烧对环境的影响比垃圾填埋的影响要小。所获得的结论较为客观地反映了对环境的影响,可以作为中国城市垃圾处置决策的参考依据。     

城市生活垃圾并流竖炉焚烧模拟实验研究

气化熔融焚烧技术能够避免重金属和二恶英的二次污染,被公认为实现零排放和环境友好型的焚烧方法。在这样的背景下提出了生活垃圾并流竖炉气化熔融焚烧工艺。该工艺以竖炉为气化熔融主体设备,垃圾料层与助燃空气在炉内都是至上而下并流流动,从而使垃圾热解气化产生的可燃气体在竖炉下部完全燃烧,以提供灰渣熔融耗热。并流竖炉热态模拟试验表明,并流时垃圾料层中各点的温度明显高于逆流情况,并流时产生的CO₂量明显高于逆流情况。因此说并流竖炉更适合气化熔融焚烧工艺的要求。     

地聚合材料固化处理垃圾焚烧飞灰

以垃圾焚烧飞灰和高岭土为主要原料,氢氧化钾为碱激活剂制备了地聚合材料,当焚烧飞灰的掺加量在70%时,其28 d抗压强度可达19.36 MPa。重金属浸出实验表明,地聚合物材料对垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属有明显的固化效果,在28 d时基本无溶出。SEM结果表明,地聚合材料的断面结构与力学性能和固化效果相关,XRD和FTIR的分析结果表明,焚烧飞灰和高岭土在碱的激发下生成新的硅铝酸盐聚合物,所得地聚合材料为无定形态。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的竣工环保验收

根据生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的特点,归纳了此类项目环境保护验收工作的法规依据、验收程序和重点内容,并提出了相应的污染防治措施。     

废塑料的回收利用

介绍了国外废塑料再生利用、热分散回收低分子化合物和焚烧回收热能的技术与方法。     

Modeling Waste Incineration for Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis in Switzerland

This paper proposes a mathematical model for life-cycle inventory analysis (LCI) of waste incineration in Switzerland. In order to model conventional and new incineration technologies adequately, fundamental aspects of the different technologies relevant for the LCI are discussed. The environmental impact of these technologies strongly depends on the assessment of the long-term emissions of the solid incineration residues and is therefore related to value based decisions about the time horizon considered. The article illustrates that the choice of the landfill model has a significant influence on the results of life-cycle assessment of waste incineration.