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Van Metre PC Majewski MS Mahler BJ Foreman WT Braun CL Wilson JT Burbank TL 《Chemosphere》2012,86(1):1-7
The effects of the herbicide atrazine on the gill of the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus were evaluated after exposure of fish to 2, 10 and 25 μg L−1 atrazine during 48 h (acute exposure) and 14 d (subchronic exposure). Ions and osmolality were measured in plasma and gill samples were taken to determine the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities and for morphological analysis. Plasma osmolality and Na+ and Cl− ions changed depending on atrazine concentration, but atrazine exposure had no effect on the Na+/Cl− ratio. NKA activity did not change after atrazine exposure, but CA activity decreased in fish exposed to 25 μg L−1 for 14 d. Gill MRC density decreased after acute exposure but did not change in fish exposed to the subchronic treatment. The MRC density at the epithelial surface increased in fish exposed to 25 μg L−1, and the MRC fractional area (MRCFA) increased in fish exposed to 10 μg L−1. The changes in MRCs provide evidence of morphological adjustments to maintain ionic homeostasis in spite of the inhibition of CA activity at the highest atrazine concentration. 相似文献
133.
This paper reports genotoxicity and toxicity data in water samples collected in Sinos River, an important water course in the hydrographic region of Guaíba Lake, Rio Grande do Sul State, south of Brazil. This river is exposed to intense anthropic influence by numerous shoes, leather, petrochemical, and metallurgy industries. Water samples were collected at two moments (winter 2006 and spring 2006) at five sites of Sinos River and evaluated using in vitro V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (cytotoxicity, comet assay and micronucleus test) and Allium cepa test (toxicity and micronucleus test). Comet and micronucleus tests revealed that water samples collected exerted cytotoxic, toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results showed the toxic action of organic and inorganic agents found in the water samples in all sites of Sinos River, for both data collections. The main causes behind pollution were the domestic and industrial toxic discharges. The V79 and A. cepa tests were proved efficient to detect toxicity and genotoxicity caused by complex mixtures. This study also showed the need for constant monitoring in sites with strong environmental degradation caused by industrial discharges and urban sewages. 相似文献
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石棉表面改性对石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠预处理温石棉对石棉诱导人胚肺(HEL)细胞产生羟基自由基(·OH)的影响,笔者用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,再将其与人胚肺细胞共同孵育,利用电子自旋捕获法测定反应体系中羟基自由基信号。结果显示,石棉可诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基,并且所产生的自由基信号(峰高)随石棉浓度升高而增强,呈一定的剂量依赖性。经3种化合物预处理的温石棉组人胚肺细胞所产生的自由基信号(峰高)均明显低于未处理温石棉组。上述结果表明,温石棉可诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基,但用3种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制温石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生羟基自由基。 相似文献
137.
为了探讨几种化合物对温石棉诱导人胚肺(HEL)细胞蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的影响,该研究用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,再将其与HEL细胞共同孵育24小时,测定了HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中PKC的活性。其结果显示:随着石棉剂量的增加,HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性逐渐升高,均呈明显的剂量依赖性;经3种化合物预处理的石棉,其所诱导的HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性均明显低于未处理温石棉组。笔者提示:温石棉可能通过改变细胞内PKC的活性进一步促进肿瘤的发生;用3种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制温石棉对HEL细胞PKC活性的诱导作用。 相似文献
138.
The presence of fetal cells in the maternal circulation during pregnancy has been suggested by repeated observations of small numbers of cells containing Y chromatin or a Y chromosome in the blood of pregnant women. With the fluorescence-activitated cell sorter (FACS), we have used antibodies to a paternal cell surface (HLA) antigen, not present in the mother, to select fetal cells from the lymphocyte fractions of a series of maternal blood samples, collected as early as 15 weeks of gestation. These sorted cells have been examined for a second paternal genetic marker, Y chromatin. Y chromatin-containing cells were found among the sorted cells from prenatal maternal blood specimens in 8 pregnancies subsequently producing male infants whose lymphocytes reacted with the same antibodies to paternal antigen used for sorting with the FACS. In each of 17 pregnancies resulting in male infants who failed to inherit the antigen detected by the antibodies used for cell sorting, Y chromatin-containing cells were not found prenatally. The use of two paternal genetic markers, a cell surface antigen and nuclear Y chromatin, to identify fetal cells in maternal blood permits us to conclude that these cells are present in the mother's circulation, as early as 15 weeks gestation. Further development of the techniques reported here could lead to widespread screening of maternal blood samples during pregnancy for detection of fetal genetic abnormalities. 相似文献
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三峡库区大宁河藻细胞昼夜垂直迁移研究 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
旨在准确为三峡库区藻华预警提供基础数据,本研究于2011年7月底在三峡库区大宁河流域进行藻细胞昼夜垂直迁移试验.结果表明,大宁河在此期间,藻细胞主要以绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和甲藻为主;藻细胞在水体中的分布不均匀,72.5%~76.2%的藻细胞集中在0.5~4.0 m水体之间,0~0.5 m处藻细胞较少,占垂直水体藻密度的7.5%~16.3%,白天藻细胞Morisita指数(MI)为1.41~1.97,夜晚MI指数为1.17~1.55,叶绿素a白天MI指数为1.31~1.59,而夜晚MI指数为1.17~1.39.藻细胞在水体中存在明显的昼夜垂直迁移现象,该现象主要发生在0.5~4.0 m水体之间.水体中的藻密度受营养盐的影响较小,与可溶解性总磷显著相关(r=0.89),藻密度主要受温度、pH值和导电率影响,藻密度与温度、pH值和导电率呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.96、0.97和-0.99. 相似文献