SELECTION OF WASTE DISPOSAL SITES USING GIS1

ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is used to identify candidate sites for a solid waste disposal facility in the Gölbasi region of Turkey that has suffered from the negative impact of a current but poorly-located open-dump site on the environment. The municipality of Gölbasi has noticed its deleterious effect on the environment, and has thus decided to dismiss this open-dump site and search for new landfill sites. In this study, the procedure followed under a GIS framework rejects the unacceptable sites considering environmental factors exclusively, other than economic and political issues, contained in the form of multiple layers of attribute information to select the candidate sites for landfilling wastes through an overlay analysis performed by GIS software, ARC/INFO V 7.1. For the spatial data requirements of GIS, a number of thematic map layers (ground water, wetlands and swamp areas, surface water, roads, topographic contours, ecological features, settlements, erosion susceptibility zones, and soil type) are prepared in digital form. In this application, GIS is considered as a screening tool in a site selection process to narrow the number of candidate sites, subsequently leading to one or more sites for detailed investigation. Preliminary ranking for a group of potential sites is done on the basis of simple calculations coupled with on-site field studies.     

Toxicity screening of biodegradable polymers. I. Selection and evaluation of cell culture test methods

A screening test method for potential toxicity of biodegradable plastics on humans and the environment was selected and evaluated with samples of cellulose acetate, Bionolle, polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (Biopol), and polycaprolactone (Tone polymer). Among the standardin vitro tests using animal cell cultures for the evaluation of biomedical materials, the test by direct contact and the test with extract were examined. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of the cell viability and morphology indicate that the test with extracts can be easily performed, providing reproducible and comparable results for all materials. Using the cell culture test with the extract of sterile samples, an estimation of the toxicity of a new polymeric material can be obtained within a few weeks.     

维生素B12发酵废液治理技术

筛选了一株能较好利用维生素B12发酵废液并能得到单细胞菌体蛋白(SCP)的菌株。通过正交试验研究该菌株，得到其利用废液的最佳发酵条件。研究结果表明，使用该菌株能大大降低发酵废液的化学需氧量(COD)，COD去除率达到90％以上，有效减少或消除废液对环境的污染。     

ESTIMATING NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION LOADS WITH A GIS SCREENING MODEL1

ABSTRACT: The St. Johns River Water Management District (SJR-WMD) is using a Geographic Information System (GIS) screening model to estimate annual nonpoint source pollution loads to surface waters and determine nonpoint source pollution problem areas within the SJRWMD. The model is a significant improvement over current practice because it is contained entirely within the district's GIS software, resulting in greater flexibility and efficiency, and useful visualization capabilities. Model inputs consist of five spatial data layers, runoff coefficients, mean runoff concentrations, and stormwater treatment efficiencies. The spatial data layers are: existing land use, future land use, soils, rainfall, and hydrologic boundaries. These data layers are processed using the analytical capabilities of a cell-based GIS. Model output consists of seven spatial data layers: runoff, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, lead, and zinc. Model output can be examined visually or summarized numerically by drainage basin. Results are reported for only one of the SJRWMD's ten major drainage basins, the lower St. Johns River basin. The model was created to serve a major planning effort at the SJRWMD; results are being actively used to address nonpoint source pollution problems.     

原油降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性的研究

实验从河北省唐山市柳赞镇冀东油田油井污水中筛选出8株以原油为唯一碳源的降解菌株(编号为T1-8),通过形态学特征观察以及16SrDNA分子生物学鉴定,确定这8个菌株分别为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、Bacillus safensis、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter pulmonis)、鲁氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)、纺锤芽孢杆菌(Bacillus fusiformis)和洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)。采用无机盐培养基,以华北任丘油田原油为唯一碳源,分别对上述8种菌株进行原油降解能力测试,通过为期7d的降解,其相对应的降解率分别为67.14%、43.13%、30.37%、24.74%、43.00%、37.94%、55.28%和14.51%,而且其中的金黄色葡萄球菌和嗜冷杆菌对原油具有降解能力为首次报导。后续对铜绿假单胞菌进行了影响降解率的单因素实验,实验结果显示在pH为7、初始原油浓度为5g/L和菌液接种量1mL(约1.8×1010cfu/mL)时铜绿假单胞菌对原油的降解率达到其最大值67.14%。     

染料脱色微生物的筛选及其脱色条件的研究

实验通过富集驯化培养,从南昌市某织染厂废水中筛选分离到14株细菌菌株,经测定14株菌株对染料直接大红具有不同程度的脱色能力。其中脱色率在50%以上的菌株有12株,占总菌株数的85.7%;脱色率在70%以上的有8株,占总菌株数的57.1%;脱色率在80%以上的有4株,占总菌株数的28.6%。菌株Z03的脱色率达84.2%,为脱色能力最强的菌株。试验以菌株Z03进行脱色条件研究。通过采取L(93)4正交设计方案,考虑温度、pH值、溶解氧和培养时间四因素。试验结果表明该菌株的最佳培养条件为温度35℃,pH7,装量40mL的厌氧条件,在该条件下,菌株Z03的脱色率达到89.6%。     

印染废水中反硝化聚磷菌的筛选及其脱氮除磷特性的研究

为研究反硝化聚磷菌的生物学特性和脱氮除磷能力,从印染废水中分离筛选出3株高效反硝化聚磷菌,经鉴定分别属于克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、链球菌属（Streptococcus）。将分离出来的反硝化聚磷菌富集培养,在缺磷培养液中厌氧培养24h,然后取少量培养液于4000rpm离心出菌体,投加于富磷培养液中厌氧培养24h,检测培养液中硝酸盐氮和磷的浓度变化。测得克雷伯氏菌A1的脱氮率为86．67％,除磷率为77．01％;肠杆菌A2的脱氮率为91．7％,除磷率为92．98％;链球菌A3的脱氮率为79．32％,除磷率为89．4％。     

角加速度计综合应力筛选方法研究

介绍了某型装备液环角加速度计特点,对研制过程中出现的空化现象进行了机理研究、模型分析和试验验证。结合装备实际工作环境,突破传统的温度、振动组合筛选方法,提出了温度-振动、冲击响应谱综合应力筛选方法,剔除或修复故障产品,从而提高产品的环境适应性,保障装备的工作可靠性。