微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选和应用

用常规的细菌分离纯化法从活性污泥、河泥中分离出目标菌种(兼性厌氧固氮化能异养茵)，经过驯化后，以发酵液对造纸、印染两种废水的絮凝效果为指标，选取培养得较好的一种，分析了影响其絮凝效果的主要因素。结果表明：培养温度为30℃，pH为7．0，培养90h时絮凝效果最好，少量的Ca^2 可提高絮凝率。     

Towards informed decisions about prenatal testing: A review

There are now several well-documented psychological problems associated with prenatal testing programmes. These include poor understanding of tests undergone or declined, anxiety following false positive results, and false reassurance in those receiving negative test results. There is, as yet, little evidence concerning how to provide services to circumvent these. The focus of this review is upon just one of these problems: how best to inform women about prenatal testing and their reproductive options following the diagnosis of a fetal abnormality. Possible methods of improving informed decision-making either about whether to undergo testing or whether to terminate an affected pregnancy are described drawing upon research from antenatal and other health care areas. Future challenges for clinical practice and research in this area concern the range of conditions and predispositions for which prenatal testing with the option of termination should be offered.     

工程与环境相结合定量化进行评价因子筛选初探

在总结环境影响评价因子筛选方法的基础上 ,提出了“工程与环境相结合 ,定量化进行评价因子筛选”的新方法。同时 ,结合实际工作 ,提出了较复杂项目在报告书阶段进行“环境影响因子再识别和评价因子再筛选”的思路。     

Second-trimester levels of maternal urinary gonadotropin peptide in down syndrome pregnancy

Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP; β-core fragment), a major metabolite of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), was shown recently to be markedly elevated in Down syndrome pregnancy between 19 and 22 weeks of gestation. To confirm and extend this finding, we obtained maternal urine and matching maternal serum samples from 14 cases of Down syndrome and six other aneuploidies between 17 and 21 weeks of gestation. UGP was measured in all these samples and in 91 singleton control urines. Results were corrected for urinary creatinine level and expressed as multiples of the control median (MOM). hCG levels were assayed in all serum samples from the cases and compared with previously established reference values. The median UGP level in Down syndrome cases was 5.34 MOM (range 2.71–12.57); 88 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile of control levels after modelling. The median maternal serum hCG level for the same cases was 2.20 MOM (range 0.84–3.40); 36 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile. The level of UGP in every case including all other aneuploidies was higher than the comparable maternal serum hCG level. Elevated UGP measurements are strongly associated with fetal Down syndrome during the second trimester and could contribute to improved Down syndrome screening protocols that are more accessible and less expensive than are currently available.     

Maternal serum markers in second-trimester oligohydramnios

The levels of the maternal serum markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and unconjugated oestriol (uE₃) in 35 pregnant women with early second-trimester oligohydramnios differed from those in a reference population of 1699 singleton pregnancies. Maternal serum AFP levels above the 95th centile of the population distribution were observed in 80 per cent (16/20) of oligohydramnios cases with a normal fetus and in only 20 per cent (3/15) of the cases with a fetus displaying urogenital tract malformations. Elevated levels of hCG (above the 95th centile) and decreased levels of uE₃ (below the fifth centile) were encountered in 26 per cent (9/35) and 17 per cent (6/35) of the women, irrespective of the fetal condition. The abnormal profile of the serum markers in early second-trimester oligohydramnios resulted in 57 per cent (20 out of 35) of screen-positive cases for either fetal Down's syndrome or neural tube defects, compared with 8·4 per cent (143 out of 1699) in the reference population.     

噪声作业工人血脂水平调查

为了解噪声对接噪工人血脂代谢的影响,选择381名噪声作业工人为观察组,328名不接触噪声职工作为对照组,对两组进行血脂水平检测.结果显示,噪声组的总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TC)明显高于对照组(P＜0.001和＜0.01);TC、TC的异常检出率也高于对照组(P＜0.005和＜0.05).两组间同年龄、同性别的血脂含量及血脂异常检出率存在较大差异.接噪工龄增加,TC均值增大(P＜0.01).调查表明噪声对作业工人的血脂代谢有不良影响,应将血脂含量测定作为噪声作业工人健康监护的项目之一.     

Second-trimester levels of maternal serum unconjugated oestriol and human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancies affected by fetal anencephaly and open spina bifida

Unconjugated oestriol (uE3) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels were determined in second-trimester maternal serum (MS) samples from 21 pregnancies associated with fetal anencephaly and 15 pregnancies associated with fetal open spina bifida. Each measurement was expressed as a multiple of the median (MoM) for unaffected pregnancies for each completed week of gestation. In pregnancies associated with anencephaly, the median value for MSuE3 was very low (0–17 MoM, range <0·12–0·33 MoM), suggesting a functional defect in the fetal adrenal prior to 20 weeks' gestation; the median value for MShCG was also low (0–73 MoM), although not to the same extent as for MSuE3. A biological explanation for the hCG result is not apparent. In pregnancies associated with open spina bifida, the MSuE3 and MShCG values were unremarkable, consistent with a lack of involvement of these open fetal defects in the synthesis and secretion of uE3 and hCG.     

焦化工业场地建筑物和生产设施表面Pb的赋存特征及健康风险

研究了某典型焦化工业场地建筑物和生产设施表面Pb的污染特征及其存在的健康风险.在该场地选择了56个建筑物和生产设施,采用美国环保局(United States Environmental Protection Agency,US EPA)的擦拭取样方法,采集了94个擦拭样品,分析了建筑物和生产设施表面Pb的含量,目的是...     

餐厨垃圾好氧生物处理菌株的选育

文章以枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌等10株细菌为出发菌株,以耐高温、生长速度快、生物安全性、生物拮抗性以及产酶能力为筛选原则,从中筛选得到4株细菌,分别为:地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis,TKFW1003)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium,TKFW1005)、纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto,TKFW1102)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,TKFW1108)。然后将筛选得到的4株细菌按10%的比例添加到30 L固态发酵罐中,再添加10%的麸皮和50%的水为辅料,对餐厨垃圾进行固态发酵处理。最后将固态发酵结束后得到的产品取出烘干粉碎,经检测:经好氧微生物处理后得到的产品,其有效活菌数、有机质含量、水分含量及蛔虫卵死亡率等指标均达到了农业部农用有机肥标准,此法实现了餐厨垃圾的无害化、资源化、减量化处理,具有生产成本低、无二次污染、可操作性强等优点。     

Species-dependent effects of the phenolic herbicide ioxynil with potential thyroid hormone disrupting activity: modulation of its cellular uptake and activity by interaction with serum thyroid hormone-binding proteins

Ioxynil, a phenolic herbicide, is known to exert thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting activity by interfering with TH-binding to plasma proteins and a step of the cellular TH-signaling pathway in restricted animal species. However, comparative studies are still lacking on the TH disruption.We investigated the interaction of [¹²⁵I]ioxynil with serum proteins from rainbow trout, bullfrog, chicken, pig, rat, and mouse, using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Candidate ioxynil-binding proteins, which included lipoproteins, albumin and transthyretin (TTR), differed among the vertebrates tested. Rainbow trout and bullfrog tadpole serum had the lowest binding activity for ioxynil, whereas the eutherian serum had the highest binding activity. The cellular uptake of, and response to, ioxynil were suppressed by rat serum greater than by tadpole serum. The cellular uptake of [¹²⁵I]ioxynil competed strongly with phenols with a single ring, but not with THs. Our results suggested that ioxynil interferes with TH homeostasis in plasma and with a step of cellular TH-signaling pathway other than TH-uptake system, in a species-specific manner.