重金属污染预防品种的筛选与培育

植物吸收和累积重金属不仅存在显著植物种间差异,同时存在显著植物种内差异,从而为筛选和培育重金属污染预防品种（PSCs）提供了可能。文章综述了植物吸收和积累重金属的种间差异和种内差异、植物积累重金属品种差异的机理以及重金属污染预防品种的筛选和培育等研究进展,并对未来该领域的研究进行了展望。     

金鱼藻中抑藻化感物质的研究

通过静态模拟实验,比较了单独培养和共生培养下,不同初始藻密度时金鱼藻生物量和铜绿微囊藻密度的变化.采用固相萃取的方法对金鱼藻种植水中的化感物质进行富集,经甲醇洗脱、高效液相色谱分析,发现在铜绿微囊藻生长的胁迫下,金鱼藻释放的化学物质组成和含量发生变化,强极性物质含量下降,弱极性物质含量增加.二氯甲烷洗脱物经色谱质谱分析后,检测出15种不同于铜绿微囊藻释放的化合物,其中N-苯基-2-萘胺、脱氢枞酸甲酯和脱氢枞酸乙酯已有文献报道对藻类具有化感作用.     

Interaction of tebuconazole with bovine serum albumin: determination of the binding mechanism and binding site by spectroscopic methods

Abstract

This study investigates the interaction between tebuconazole and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a physiological buffer (pH = 7.4) using the fluorescence quenching method to obtain the apparent binding constants (K) and number of binding sites (n) in the interaction between tebuconazole and BSA. The results revealed that tebuconazole can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching procedure. It also shows that the thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) are negative, indicating that the interaction of tebuconazole with BSA is mainly driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. The process of binding was a spontaneous process in which Gibbs free energy change was negative. The distance of r between the donor (BSA) and acceptor (tebuconazole) was calculated to be 0.68?nm based on Forster’s non-radiative energy transfer theory. Analysis of synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrates that tebuconazole can induce conformational changes of BSA.     

电源环境应力筛选试验自动测控系统研究

目的设计开关电源环境应力筛选测控系统。方法运用LabVIEW对仪器进行自动控制。结果实现了仪器控制,数据采集、监视与存储,数据回放等功能。结论测控系统运行稳定,操作简便,数据获取和处理便利。具有硬件配置简单、易维护,软件开发灵活等特点。     

我国3个城市人体血清中新型溴代阻燃剂水平趋势及分布特征

本研究检测分析了我国吉林省伊通满族自治县(YT)、湖南省怀化市(HH)、四川省甘孜藏族自治州(GZ)3个城市5个年龄段(≥60、50~59、40~49、30~39、20~29岁)人体混合血清中六溴苯(hexabromobenzene,HBB)、五溴甲苯(pentabromotoluen,PBT)、五溴苯(pentabromophenyl,PBBz)、四溴对二甲苯(tetrabromo-p-xylene,PTBX)等4种新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs)的含量水平.PBBz、PBT和HBB在人体血清中的检出率为100%.在3个城市中,NBFRs总含量、HBB含量、PBT含量、PBBz含量(除GZ外)均在年轻人群中有升高的趋势.在5个年龄段中,YT和HH均有明显的主要污染物,但GZ首要污染物不明显且4种NBFRs含量占比在5个年龄段中基本稳定.3个城市人体血清中NBFRs在5个年龄段中的组成分布呈现出不同的趋势,表明不同地区的污染来源不同.其中,工业较为发达地区(YT和HH)人体血清中NBFRs总含量高于欠发达地区(GZ)的水平.     

围产期二英暴露对学龄前儿童类固醇激素的影响

为揭示围产期二噁英(PCDD/DFs)暴露对学龄前儿童类固醇激素水平的影响.采用液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)及高分辨气相色谱法/高分辨质谱联用法(HRGC/HRMS)分析二噁英污染地区5岁儿童(n=37)及非污染地区5岁儿童(n=44)血清中8种类固醇激素水平及母乳中17种二噁英同系物浓度.结果显示污染地区男孩血清中睾酮、双氢睾酮、脱氢表雄酮的水平明显低于非污染地区(p0.05).污染地区女孩血清中睾酮、双氢睾酮、脱氢表雄酮、17α-羟孕酮、孕酮的水平明显低于非污染地区(p0.05).上述类固醇激素与部分二噁英同系物浓度存在显著性负相关.以上结果表明围产期二■英暴露导致学龄前儿童类固醇激素水平降低.     

Down's syndrome screening in multiple pregnancies using alpha-fetoprotein and free beta hCG

Second-trimester distributions of the free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in 420 twin and 19 triplet pregnancies were measured and compared with the distributions in 6661 singleton pregnancies. On average, the levels of both analytes were twice as high in twins and over three times as high in triplets. Eight sets of twins discordant for Down's syndrome showed elevated levels of free beta hCG and reduced levels of AFP after correction of the multiple of the median for the presence of a twin pregnancy. Screening for Down's syndrome using the twin correction of the multiple of the median is expected to achieve a 51 per cent detection rate at a 5 per cent false-positive rate using these two markers.     

Prenatal cystic fibrosis carrier screening: Factors in a woman's decision to decline testing

Among 2207 women eligible to be screened for cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier status during pregnancy, 325 (15 per cent) declined to be tested. Of these, 260 (80 per cent) answered a questionnaire soliciting their reasons for not participating. The main factor was opposition to termination of pregnancy, with 43 per cent being against termination for any reason and another 11 per cent against termination of a CF fetus. Other reasons given were partner's disapproval or non-participation (10 per cent), perceived risk of a CF child being low (7 per cent), the error rate of the test (6 per cent), and the generation of unacceptable levels of anxiety (5 per cent). Eleven women (4 per cent) said that they did not wish to be tested during pregnancy, but only six of these would have accepted screening at another time.     

First-trimester maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin as a marker for fetal chromosomal disorders

The Dutch Working Party on Prenatal Diagnosis has initiated a study on the possibilities of first-trimester screening for fetal chromosomal disorders. We report on maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (MS-hCG) measurements in 1348 pregnancies with a chromosomally normal fetus and 53 pregnancies with a chromosomally abnormal fetus. The median MS-hCG concentration in 24 pregnancies with Down's syndrome was 1.19 multiples of the normal median (MoM). The MS-hCG distributions in normal and Down's syndrome pregnancies did not differ significantly (t-test: t = 1.945, p >0.05). We also found no difference between normal pregnancies and pregnancies with other chromosomal disorders (six cases of trisomy 18, MoM = 0.80; four cases of sex chromosome abnormality, MoM = 1.01; 17 cases of chromosomal mosaicism in chorionic villi, MoM = 1.11). Selecting an upper limit at the 90th centile could detect 25 per cent of pregnancies with Down's syndrome. We conclude that, in the first trimester, MS-hCG as a screening factor for Down's syndrome is of minor value. However, MS-hCG could be a useful factor in a first-trimester screening programme based on a combination of markers.     

Prenatal screening for chromosome abnormalities using maternal serum chorionic gonadotrophin,alpha-fetoprotein,and age

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels were assayed retrospectively in stored maternal serum samples from 78 chromosomally abnormal pregnancies and 410 controls matched for gestation and maternal age. The median serum hCG concentration in 49 pregnancies with Down's syndrome was significantly elevated, at 2.18 multiples of the normal median. Significantly reduced hCG concentrations were found in a group of four trisomy 18 pregnancies (all less than 0.4 multiples of the median). Eight cases of unbalanced chromosome rearrangements appeared to show some lowering of hCG levels, while there was no significant difference in the levels in the cases of trisomy 13, balanced translocations, and sex chromosome abnormalities. Maternal serum hCG alone is a better indicator of Down's syndrome pregnancies than maternal age or maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), either individually or in combination, and provides a further virtually independent measure of risk. On the basis of our findings, screening for Down's syndrome using hCG and AFP results combined with maternal age risks is predicted to result in a higher detection rate (57 per cent) for a lower false-positive rate (5.0 per cent) than would be attainable by combined AFP and age screening (37 per cent detection at a 6.6 per cent false-positive rate).