环境污染应急处置技术的CBR-MADM两步筛选法模型

突发环境污染事件进行应急处置时,需要在历史案例库和处置技术库的基础上通过筛选模型筛选出最适宜的应急处置技术.其中筛选的效率和准确性是构建技术筛选模型的首要因素,目前尚无较为满意的解决方案.本文结合案例推理技术(CBR)和模糊多属性群决策模型(MADM)的优势,建立了环境污染应急处置技术的CBR-MADM两步筛选法模型:第1步,先利用基于熵权G1法的CBR推理从案例库中匹配案例,再从相似度最高的几个案例中提取应急处置技术作为备选技术;第2步,利用MADM对备选技术进行筛选和决策.CBR-MADM两步筛选法既充分利用了历史处置经验,又极大地提高了应急处置技术的筛选速度和效率.将该方法应用于2012年底山西长治浊漳河苯胺泄漏污染事件中,成功筛选出“投加混凝剂-活性炭坝拦截”技术,同实际情况吻合,验证了其适用性和可行性.     

Multiple categorization in resume screening: Examining effects on hiring discrimination against Arab applicants in field and lab settings

Debate exists as to what the more appropriate prediction is regarding the effects of multiple stigmatized group memberships on employment discrimination. The ethnic prominence (EP), multiple minority status (MMS), and subordinate male target hypotheses were assessed for the combined effects of ethnic group membership (Arabic), sex, social status, and job type on hiring evaluations. Two correspondence tests in the field (Study 1) and two experimental studies in the lab (Study 2) and in the field (Study 3) were conducted. Studies 1 and 2 showed evidence for the EP hypothesis when low‐status jobs were tested. The odds for rejection were four times higher for Arab than for Dutch applicants. Applicants' sex, socio‐economic status, and external client contact did not moderate findings (Study 1). The effect of applicants' ethnic group membership was further moderated by raters' motivation to control prejudice (Study 2). Study 3 showed evidence for the MMS hypothesis. We found double jeopardy against Arab women who applied for high‐status jobs when recruiters' prejudice was controlled. Study findings show that discrimination in resume screening may depend upon the particular intersection of applicant, job, and recruiter characteristics. We discussed implications for anonymous resume screening and research on evaluation of applicants possessing multiple stigmatizing characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重金属Cu2+抗性菌的筛选与吸附性能研究

采用富集培养方法从污水处理厂污泥中分离筛选出3株对Cu2+吸附能力较强的菌株,考察pH值、温度和Cu2+初始质量浓度对3株菌吸附能力的影响。结果表明,Z-1-4在pH值为5.0,30℃,Cu2+质量浓度为140 mg/L时吸附效果最好;Z-1-5在pH值为6.0,28℃,Cu2+质量浓度为170 mg/L时吸附效果最好;Z-1-6在pH值为6.0,28℃,Cu2+质量浓度为140 mg/L时吸附效果最好。其中菌株Z-1-5吸附能力最强,吸附容量可达13.68 mg/g。对Z-1-5进行16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定为鞘胺醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)。     

水中无机氮形态变化对酮洛芬光降解的影响

研究了模拟太阳光照射下水环境中不同形态氮(NO₃^-、NO₂^-和NH₄⁺)对酮洛芬(KET)光解的影响.结果表明,KET在平均波长(200~450nm)下量子产率Φ_o为0.14. NO₃^-浓度从0.01mmol/L^-增至1.0mmol/L时, KET光解速率常数从0.0109降至0.0085; NO₂^-浓度从0.01mmol/L增至1.0mmol/L时, KET光解速率常数从0.0095降至0.0069, NH₄⁺对KET的光解基本无影响. NO₃^-的光掩蔽现象对KET光解的影响起主要作用; NO₂^-则通过光掩蔽现象和羟基自由基猝灭来抑制KET的光解.同时研究了当水环境中pE值发生变化而引起水中无机氮形态转化时,不同形态氮共存对KET光解的复合影响,随着pE值的增大,KET的光解速率先减小后增大;当NO₂^-和NH₄⁺共存时,两者对KET光解的影响存在拮抗作用,这一拮抗作用也存在于NO₂^-和NO₃^-之间.     

土壤中有机污染物的气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱非靶标筛查

本文基于气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(GC-QTOF/MS)对宜昌某化学工业园区内的土壤进行潜在有机污染物的非靶标筛查.根据已有高分辨数据库和保留时间信息,采用精确质量数提取筛查流程识别出样品中96种污染物,主要以多环芳烃及其代谢产物、氯苯类和农药为主.进一步通过未知物分析软件解卷积功能和质谱NIST数据库的匹配,发现了如二氯苯胺、9-芴酮、3-甲基二苯并噻吩等更多的污染物.该方法能够快速筛查和识别出样品中潜在有机污染物,为当地污染物的风险管控提供借鉴意义.     

高效絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及培养条件

从活性污泥中分离出36株菌株,培养、筛选得到具有絮凝活性的菌株9株,其中有一株絮凝活性较高,命名为B-8,同时考察了培养时间、温度、pH和碳源对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,培养时间72h,最佳温度为37℃,pH为7.0,葡萄糖为最佳碳源时,该微生物所产生的絮凝剂的絮凝效果最好,絮凝率可达95.75%。