由江西“11.24”火灾分析棚户区消防安全对策

以江西"11.24"棚户区危旧房火灾为案例,针对其火灾特点,总结火灾教训,并结合国内对棚户区消防问题已有的理论、实践成果,在深入调查、研究现状问题的基础上,分析其火灾成因、火灾危险性及火灾高发的原因。指出棚户区消防安全方面存在的问题,并就如何消除棚户区火灾隐患、加强棚户区消防安全提出了具体的措施。强调指出公安消防机构对棚户区消防治理工作力度的加大,政府各部门对棚户区消防安全工作的重视与管理,及消防社会宣传教育工作的开展,以有效降低棚户区火灾,尤其是重大火灾的发生。     

不同孔径排放钻孔有效影响半径的时空响应

针对矿井在施工排放钻孔局部防突措施时,已知排放时间,如何确定排放钻孔孔径和钻孔间距这一难题,提出一种钻屑量和钻屑瓦斯解吸指标现场测试法,结合数值模拟计算,确定不同孔径排放钻孔有效排放半径随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:同一孔径排放钻孔,随着排放时间的增加,有效排放半径呈幂指数增大;不同孔径排放钻孔,随着排放钻孔直径的增加,有效排放半径呈幂指数增大。研究结论对矿井选取合适的排放钻孔孔径及布置参数具有指导意义。     

Comparison of distribution function estimators for forestry applications following variable probability sampling

Practical considerations often motivate employing variable probability sampling designs when estimating characteristics of forest populations. Three distribution function estimators, the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, a difference estimator, and a ratio estimator, are compared following variable probability sampling in which the inclusion probabilities are proportional to an auxiliary variable, X. Relative performance of the estimators is affected by several factors, including the distribution of the inclusion probabilities, the correlation () between X and the response Y, and the position along the distribution function being estimated. Both the ratio and difference estimators are superior to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator. The difference estimator gains better precision than the ratio estimator toward the upper portion of the distribution function, but the ratio estimator is superior toward the lower end of the distribution function. The point along the distribution function at which the difference estimator becomes more precise than the ratio estimator depends on the sampling design, as well as the coefficient of variation of X and . A simple confidence interval procedure provides close to nominal coverage for intervals constructed from both the difference and ratio estimators, with the exception that coverage may be poor for the lower tail of the distribution function when using the ratio estimator.     

WTO框架下重构农村公共服务体系的探讨

目前,我国已经加入WTO,由于在谈判过程中我国在农业方面的让步比较大,如果不利用“绿箱政策”加强农村公共服务体系建设,农业和农村经济的竞争力必然大大下降．“绿箱”政策是一种间接式的保护政策,不在《农业协议》限制之列,而且“绿箱”政策中许多条款都涉及到保护本国农业的可持续发展能力,得到了各国的一致赞同．因此,我国有必要对农村公共服务体系的改革与发展历程进行一次系统清理,在此基础上认真总结正反两方面的经验和教训,重新构筑农村公共服务体系．     

射流曝气的气液两相流的数值模拟

射流曝气在活性污泥处理方法中起着重要的作用。采用数值模拟的方法研究自吸式单级单喷射流器中的气液两相流动状况，通过对不同长径比和喷嘴面积比的射流曝气器模型的气液两相流的计算，定量分析长径比和喷嘴面积比对射流曝气器流场和空气与工作介质流量比的影响，为进一步设计开发新型高效的射流曝气器提供参考。     

Effective diffusivity of the uranyl ion in a granite from Inada, Ibaraki, Japan

The effective diffusivity of uranium(VI) in Inada granite has been determined by through-diffusion. Experiments were performed at room temperature (20–25°C) in a 0.1 mol 1⁻¹ KCl solution where uranium is present predominantly as the poorly sorbing UO₂²⁺. An effective diffusivity (D_e) of (3.6 ± 1.6) × 10⁻¹⁴ m² s⁻¹ was obtained, close to that for uranine (nonsorbing organic tracer), but one order of magnitude lower than those obtained for Sr²⁺ and NpO₂⁺, and two orders of magnitude lower than that obtained for I⁻. According to well established theory, a proportional relationship exists between D_e and the diffusivity in the bulk of the solution (D_v). The effective diffusivity obtained in granite was not proportional to D_v. This agrees with results obtained for effective diffusivity in a Swedish granite. The ratio D_e/D_v was found to be not constant but increased with D_e or D_v. This result suggests a limit to the application of the theory.     

阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别

风蚀是北方干旱与半干旱农牧交错带面临的严峻问题。论文以阴山北麓草原生态功能区为例,利用HYSPLIT模型模拟了当地生态系统提供的防风固沙服务流动路径,通过空间插值获得了功能区防风固沙服务的受益范围及其获得效益的相对大小,确定了受益范围内的土地覆被、受益人口及GDP。研究结果显示：1）2010年阴山北麓草原生态功能区的防风固沙服务大部分发生在春季,其流动路径主要往功能区东部和东南部区域延伸;2）防风固沙受益土地面积占全国土地面积的46%,主要位于功能区东部和南部地区;3）功能区受益的人口占当年全国总人口的75%,受益GDP占当年全国GDP总量的67%。未来可以根据受益区获得防风固沙效益的相对大小确定受益区不同区域横向生态付费金额,以补偿当地采取防风固沙措施导致的经济损失和投入,实现地区间公平,促进区域可持续发展。     

基于微积分的LPG和CNG喷射火模型建立和三维数值模拟

由液体和气体泄漏引发的喷射火灾事故屡见不鲜,而现有的喷射火模型却有诸多缺陷。将喷射火形状近似为圆锥,鉴于液体和气体的泄漏速度随压强和温度均有变化、点源离地面会有一定高度、风速对火焰倾角也有影响、圆锥喷射中心线上每个点源对目标的热辐射均不同等实际情况,新建液体和气体扩展半径的计算方法,引入风速对火焰高度和火焰偏角的作用,比较AGA法和Thornton模型,发现AGA法更加符合实际,再利用微积分原理建立三维点源喷射火模型,展示火焰形状对目标的影响,从而得出热辐射的最终危险性。最后以LPG和CNG储罐喷射火事故为例进行对比验证,首次模拟出喷射火的形状,更清晰准确地展示了目标入射热辐射通量随目标点位置的变化和危险范围,可为火焰阵面处的消防安全决策提供参考。     

生态环境监测服务平台设计——以宁波市为例

建成“一网-二库-二系统”的生态环境监测服务平台,为宁波市环境监测部门、政府管理部门、科研机构、社会公众等提供数据支持服务。介绍了该平台的总体架构、应用模式,以及实现、部署与应用。     

浅析化学事故应急响应专线的发展

纵观国外同类化学事故应急咨询机构30多年的发展经验,结合化学事故应急响应专线的现状,提出了扩大化学事故应急响应专线的服务范围、加强化学事故技术支持体系的建设及加强与国内外同类机构的交流与合作等发展建议。