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101.
102.
云南兰坪铅锌矿区优势植物重金属富集特性及应用潜力 总被引:10,自引:5,他引:5
为筛选适合云南高原地区重金属污染土壤修复治理以及矿区生态复垦的植物材料,通过实地野外调查,采集云南兰坪铅锌矿区18种优势植物样品及相应根系土壤,测定其Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Ni、 Pb和Zn含量,计算植物对重金属的富集和转运系数,通过聚类分析方法,综合评估植物的应用潜力.结果表明, 18种优势植物分属18属13科,均为草本植物.植物体内多种重金属含量均高于植物正常含量,其中,延胡索(Corydalis yanhusuo)、旱芹菜(Carum bretschneideri)和毛连菜(Picris hieracioides)地上部Cd含量分别达到62.29、 76.49和85.09 mg·kg-1,Cd富集系数分别为0.57、 0.58和0.66,转运系数分别为0.89、 0.45和1.48,有着较强的吸收和转移土壤重金属Cd能力,具有修复Cd污染土壤潜力.狼毒(Euphorbia fischeriana)和倒提壶(Cynoglossum amabile)地上部Cd含量分别为0.46 mg·kg-1和0.23 mg·kg-1 相似文献
103.
为准确分析基坑沉降变性规律,基于现场监测数据,通过卡尔曼滤波对趋势项及误差项进行分解,采用M-K检验对发展趋势进行评价,利用优化广义回归神经网络和差分整合移动平均自回归模型,构建基坑沉降分项预测模型,并将预测结果与发展趋势评价结果对比分析,以实现基坑沉降变形规律综合研究。结果表明:卡尔曼滤波能有效分解基坑沉降数据趋势项与误差项,相较于传统小波分解效果更佳;基坑沉降呈持续增加趋势,但趋势性逐渐减弱;预测结果相对误差均值均不大于2%,预测模型精度较高;沉降变形会进一步增加,但增加速率明显降低,与发展趋势分析结果一致,两者相互佐证分析结果准确性。研究结果为基坑沉降变形规律分析提供新思路。 相似文献
104.
The feasibility of using a chemical reaction-based approach for evaluating and modelling the role of adsorption reactions in determining the geochernical confinement capacity of natural geological barriers is being studied as part of an on-going R & D programme. The confined superficial aquifer underlying the Centre de Stockage de l'Aube facility, a geological barrier for this site, has been used as a case study with the following aims. First, development of a site characterisation protocol and demonstration of its use to determine the principal geochemical characteristics of aquifer materials using batch experiments and to represent the information obtained in terms of a chemical model. The experimental results obtained for Ni2+ partitioning as a function of total Ni, pH, total Ca and total solid can be satisfactorily represented in terms of reactions with an ion exchange site and a single amphoteric surface hydroxyl site with ferrihydrite reaction constants. A second objective is the incorporation of the reactions in a coupled geochemistry/transport code, and to verify the applicability of the coupled code predictions for Ni2+ mass transfer by comparison with the results obtained during column tracer experiments. The breakthrough curve and equilibrium solid phase Ni loading, predicted by a one-dimensional coupled model for a column tracer experiment, agree closely with observed data.Additional studies are underway to reduce model conditionality, to extend the adsorption model to other analogue cations and anions, to incorporate the effect of natural organic matter and to take into consideration precipitation/dissolution of amorphous Fe surface phases. 相似文献
105.
106.
Turlough F. Guerin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1999,11(4):432-442
Increased international cooperation in the field of contaminated site management has resulted in the formation of numerous networks and fora. The key benefits of increased co-operation are perceived to be in the reduction of duplication in efforts, particularly related to industry, in the co-ordination of contaminated site research, policy development and information dissemination. The paper introduces and briefly discusses key networks and collaborative projects currently in operation throughout the world relating to contaminated site management. The experience shared within these groups should prove useful to the application of such environmental problems in China and the Asia-Pacific region. 相似文献
107.
Fisher法在空气环境监测点位优化中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
将Fisher法应用于空气环境监测点位的优化。结果表明 ,该方法使用简便 ,避免了诸多人为因素 ,能反映优化布点后点位的整体代表性 相似文献
108.
N. G. O. Boroffka H. Obernhänsli G. A. Achatov N. V. Aladin K. M. Baipakov A. Erzhanova A. HöRnig S. Krivonogov D. A. Lobas T. V. Savel’eva B. Wünnemann 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(1):71-85
The shore of Lake Aral in Kazakhstan is a perfect area for studying the human adaptation strategy to past climate changes. New archaeological material, gathered along the northern shores during the expedition of the INTAS project CLIMAN, is briefly presented. Changes in settlement activity during the Atlantic and Subboreal are related to lake level changes of the Aral Sea. A previ-ously proposed lake level maximum needs to be revised. In particular the lake level stand at 72/73 m, with an assumed age of 5000 BP is definitely refused. Based on the presented data the maximum lake level most probably never reached beyond 57/58 mean average sea level (masl). Furthermore the regression during the 15th–16th centuries has been underestimated. It may have been lower than the present day level. Thus the present desiccation of the Aral Sea is historically not unique, as a similar regression, probably induced by man as well, has occurred at least once during history. A readjustment of the water level is, therefore, possible at any time. 相似文献
109.
青浦区城市化中人居环境的协调发展研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
青浦区人居环境的可持续发展体系是一个由人口、社会、资源、环境与经济5个子系统构成的开放巨系统。文章通过提出综合衡量系统“协调性”和“发展水平”的“协调发展度”模型,研究青浦区在城市化中人居环境复合系统内5个子系统之间协调发展度情况。并运用回归模型,探讨协调发展度与城市化发展水平之间的内在联系,提出城市化进程必须与其人居环境的可持续发展相适应。 相似文献
110.
Impact of Gold mining on the Environment and Human Health: A Case Study in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Jason S. Ogola Winnie V. Mitullah Monica A. Omulo 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(2):141-157
The study of gold sites in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya, revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals, mainly Hg, Pb and As are above acceptable levels. Tailings at the panning sites recorded values of 6.5–510 mg kg–1 Pb, 0.06–76.0 mg kg–1 As and 0.46–1920 mg kg–1 Hg. Stream sediments had values of 3.0–11075 mg kg–1 Pb, 0.014–1.87 mg kg–1 As and 0.28–348 mg kg–1 Hg. The highest metal contamination was recorded in sediments from the Macalder stream (11075 mg kg–1 Pb), Nairobi mine tailings (76.0 mg kg–1 As) and Mickey tailings (1920 mg kg–1 Hg). Mercury has a long residence time in the environment and this makes its emissions from artisan mining a threat to health. Inhaling large amounts of siliceous dust, careless handling of mercury during gold panning and Au/Hg amalgam processing, existence of water logged pits and trenches; and large number of miners sharing poor quality air in the mines are the major causes of health hazards among miners. The amount of mercury used by miners for gold amalgamation during peak mining periods varies from 150 to 200 kg per month. Out of this, about 40% are lost during panning and 60% lost during heating Au/Hg amalgam. The use of pressure burners to weaken the reef is a deadly mining procedure as hot particles of Pb, As and other sulphide minerals burn the body. Burns become septic. This, apparently, leads to death within 2–3 years. On-site training of miners on safe mining practices met with enthusiasm and acceptance. The use of dust masks, air filters and heavy chemical gloves during mining and mineral processing were readily accepted. Miners were thus advised to purchase such protective gear, and to continue using them for the sake of their health. The miners' workshop, which was held at the end of the project is likely to bear fruit. The Migori District Commissioner and other Government officials, including medical officers attended this workshop. As a result of this, the Government is seriously considering setting up a clinic at Masara, which is one of the mining centres in the district. This would improve the health of the mining community. 相似文献