Oviposition by butterflies on young leaves: Investigation of leaf volatiles

Summary Various butterflies select young foliage on which to lay their eggs; volatiles emitted by young and old leaves have been compared (by sorption enrichment, followed by GC-MS) to gauge possible qualitative and quantitative differences between the two age groups. The plants investigated are cabbage (Brassica oleracea), two milkweeds (Asclepias syriaca andA. curassavica), the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) and the lime (C. aurantiifolia). The chemical compounds identified belong to three classes, isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives and benzenoids. Quantitative differences were found between young and old leaves, of which a few may be characteristic of young leaves only. Thirty-four single trials withDanaus plexippus exposed to volatiles from young and old leaves are recorded.     

我国桉树人工林立地土壤问题研究概况

我国引种桉树。虽已100多年，但研究桉树人工林土壤问题，却只有50多年的历史。这方面的研究，包括桉树人工林土壤本底调查、土壤性质与林木生长的关系、桉树人工林土壤肥力衰退防治、桉树人工林土壤管理、桉树速生丰产的土壤肥力指标、桉树人工林生态系统土壤养分和水分循环等。文章对这方面研究的概况作了简要的综述。     

重庆市主要公共集会场所、交通道路和风景旅游区环境空气质量的研究

通过对满足选点标准的5个调查点和7个空气质量质控对照点，一年四个季度每季度抽样5d以上连续自动监测环境空气质量的科研性监测方式，共获取各类有效数据约20万个，从而以定量的方式确定了重庆市主要公共集会场所，交通道路和风景旅游区的环境空气质量水平。     

昆明红壤环境下酸沉降对二种树木生长的影响

将昆明红壤人工酸化后进行树木生长实验。发现昆明红壤的酸缓冲能力非常大。在 12 0meqH /Lsoil的酸添加处理区也没有发现树木生长的显著下降。根据实际情况判断 ,认为没有必要继续加大酸添加强度进行实验     

Current status of applying microwave-associated catalysis for the degradation of organics in aqueous phase – A review

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Role of interfacial electron transfer reactions on sulfamethoxazole degradation by reduced nontronite activating H2O2

It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H₂ O₂ by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H₂O₂ using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments.     

京津冀化工场地地下水污染修复治理对策研究

京津冀化工场地地下水污染问题突出,严重威胁当地饮水安全和可持续发展,亟待开展修复治理.针对京津冀化工场地地下水污染现状,分析了化工场地地下水污染修复面临的挑战,提出了分区分级的修复治理对策.结果表明:①针对可能存在NAPL(非水相液体污染物)的高风险污染源区,采取高强度修复措施,以实现污染物总量的快速削减;②针对中度污染区,采取单位能耗强度更低的长效修复措施,降低修复成本和二次污染风险;③针对低风险的轻度污染区,采取风险管控措施.结合对典型化工场地地下水污染修复技术的分析,提出的分区分级修复治理对策具有以下特点:①多技术耦合,形成互补效应,可提高修复效率;②节约修复成本,降低二次环境影响;③体现基于风险的原则,避免过度修复.      

活性炭强化热活化过硫酸盐降解对硝基苯酚

热活化过硫酸盐（PS）可降解有机污染物,但通常需要较高的反应温度,成为制约降解效率的关键因素之一.为提高热活化PS效率,向反应体系中加入活性炭（AC）并以对硝基苯酚（PNP）为目标污染物,考察AC强化热活化PS降解PNP的效率,分析pH值、PS浓度和AC投加量等因素对PNP降解的影响,确定最佳反应条件.结果表明,AC可以明显强化热活化PS降解PNP,在AC=1.0g/L,PS=2.0mmol/L,PNP=10.0mg/L,T=50℃和pH=3.5条件下,120min时AC/PS体系对PNP降解率可达100.00%,而PS体系对PNP降解率仅为31.69%.自由基猝灭实验表明,AC/PS/PNP体系为自由基反应,SO₄·^-和·OH共同参与PNP降解且以SO₄·^-为主导.机制分析阐明AC上的表面缺陷为活性位点,其与PS中O—O键作用导致O—O键键能降低,进而O—O在热活化下均裂形成SO₄·^-.PNP降解中间产物分析表明AC仅提高了热活化PS降解PNP反应速率,未改变PNP的降解路径.     

基于格网的河西绿洲乡村聚落时空演变及其与水土资源的空间耦合关系

基于1 km×1 km格网,论文综合运用景观指数、分散度、核密度、空间耦合关联等方法,研究河西走廊山丹县1998—2015年乡村聚落景观格局分异及时空演变特征,探讨绿洲乡村聚落与水土资源的空间耦合关系,结果表明：1）乡村聚落用地总面积扩张较快、空间分散化趋势明显,斑块数和斑块密度增大、平均斑块面积减小,乡村聚落景观指数在1998—2008年间相比2008—2015年间变化剧烈,后期逐渐趋于稳定;2）3个年份乡村聚落核密度空间分布格局基本一致,主干道路、渠系等线状地物沿线密集,外围区域稀疏,并以线状地物为中心向外呈阶梯状递减;3）1998—2008年乡村聚落分散度呈增加趋势,2008年后趋于稳定,乡村聚落空间分布由相对集中走向零星分散,聚落“散、空、乱”现象普遍;4）乡村聚落与耕地和渠系空间分布关系密切,存在显著的“耕地指向性”和“渠系指向性”;K指数1998年以“人多地少型”为主,2008和2015年转向“人少地多型”和“人地协调型”;L指数总体表现为“渠系偏多型”和“聚落-渠系协调型”。水土资源是约束和限制绿洲人口和聚落存在和发展的主要因素,人-水-土系统存在着高度的相互依存性和共生性。     

除臭剂对填埋场作业面臭气去除效果的试验研究

在等体积的试验桶中放置相同量的生活垃圾,通过喷洒等量的、不同类型的植物型和生物型除臭剂来进行除臭,采用化验分析及人的嗅觉形式来确定试验效果。试验结果显示,微生物型除臭剂对臭气去除的效果优于植物型除臭剂。在喷洒量为100 m L、质量分数为1.0%的情况下,S-1对H_2S、NH_3、臭气的去除率分别为87.4%,41.4%,99.5%;恶臭强度可维持在2~4 h。在3 000 m~2的填埋场作业面喷洒S-1,取得了良好的效果。