人工神经网络改进BP算法优化水质监测点

运用人工神经网络理论对城市河涌水质监测布点进行优选，基于前馈多层BP型神经网络的改进算法，用广州市河涌水质分类标准和实测水质数据对神经网络模型进行训练和检验，结果表明，该方法具有客观、可靠、实用、容错性高的优点，是一种科学、新型的水质监测点优选方法。     

某隧道进口段边坡的变形破坏机理分析

某隧道进口段滑坡的发生是由于隧道开挖过程中破碎围岩向隧道开挖临空面位移,进而引发的坡面岩土体的失稳。数值模拟结果表明,因隧道开挖引起的洞顶区边坡岩体应力水平下降的区域一直延续到地表,这种应力场的变化会直接导致边坡表面的变形和破坏,表现在以隧道轴线为中心,向两侧呈扇形展开的坡体产生了一定的沉降变形。对比结果表明滑坡区与由隧道开挖引起的坡体附加位移较大的区域基本相当,说明此滑坡是由于隧道开挖引起了围岩应力场调整,导致围岩产生向洞内的位移变形,从而使岩体发生松动而引发的。     

南充城市人居环境质量综合评价研究

介绍了人居环境的定义，并根据全面性、以人为本、可操作性、相对独立性的原则选取评价指标和构建指标体系。采用层次分析法对各指标和子系统赋予不同的权重，利用综合加权求和的方法得出该生态示范区的社会经济，基础设施和公共服务设施，生态环境以及人居环境在1999年和2000年的综合评价指数，对比人居环境1999年和2000年的评价指数，从而得出南充城市人居环境的指数在增大，状况是在不断改善，并从不同的角度给南充城市人居环境建设提出了一些建议，比如：园地制宜，采用多种投资方式加快城市基础设施和公共服务设施建设；优化城市布局，改善能源结构，加大环境治理投资，改善生态环境；加大宣传力度，提高城市可持续管理意识；坚持以人为本，搞好城市人居环境的规划和设计改善措施。     

隧道围岩应变非线性回归分析

本文以小岩头隧道为依托,根据监控工作的实测资料,按照新奥法基本原理中岩体开挖的时间效应,应用数学的方法对量测所得的净空收敛数据进行回归分析,指出在隧道开挖过程中围岩变形的时间效应,为修改设计与指导施工提供理论依据。     

安徽池州至安庆高速公路大渡口段软土路基工程地质研究(英文)

安徽沿江地区广泛分布的新近沉积软土,由于其埋藏厚度大、强度低、变形大、透水性低的工程特性而产生过大的路基沉降和路堤稳定性等工程地质问题,影响公路工程建设的质量和正常使用。本文对池州至安庆高速公路大渡口段软土路基的沉降和路堤稳定性进行了计算和工程地质评价。首先用分层总和法进行总沉降量计算,然后利用单向固结理论进行工后沉降计算。计算结果表明,软土路基工后沉降不能满足设计要求,须对其进行处理; 而填土路堤稳定性分析结果说明该路段路堤稳定。     

南充城市人居环境质量综合评价研究

介绍了人后环境的定义,并根据全面性、以人为本、可操作性、相对独立性的原则选取评价指标和构建指标体系.采用层次分析法对各指标和子系统赋予不同的权重,利用综合加权求和的方法得出该生态示范区的社会经济,基础设施和公共服务设施,生态环境以及人居环境在1999年和2000年的综合评价指教,对比人居环境1999年和2000年的评价指数,从而得出南克城市人居环境的指教在增大,状况是在不断改善,并从不同的角度给南克城市人居环境建设提出了一些建议,比如:因地制宜,采用多种投资方式加快城市基础设施和公共服务设施建设;优化城市布局,改善能源结构,加大环境治理投资,改善生态环境;加大宣传力度,提高城市可持续管理意识;坚持以人为本,搞好城市人居环境的规则和设计改善措施.     

Natural attenuation/phytoremediation in the vadose zone of a former industrial sludge basin

The natural attenuation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vadose zone of a naturally revegetated former industrial sludge basin (0.45 ha) was examined. This was accomplished by comparing the concentration of 16 PAH contaminants present in sludge collected below the root zone of plants with contaminants present at 3 shallower depths within the root zone. Chemical analysis of 240 samples from 60 cores showed the average concentration of total and individual PAHs in the 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and bottom of the root zone strata were approximately 10, 20, and 50%, respectively, of the 16, 800 ppm average total PAH concentration in deep non-rooted sludge. Statistically significant differences in average PAH concentrations were observed between each strata studied and the non-rooted sludge except for the concentrations of acenaphthene and chrysene present at the bottom of the root zone in comparison to sludge values. The rooting depth of the vegetation growing in the basin was dependent on both vegetation type and plant age. Average rooting depths for trees, forbs (herbaceous non-grasses), and grasses were 90, 60, and 50 cm, respectively. The deepest root systems observed (100-120 cm) were associated with the oldest (12-14 year-old) mulberry trees. Examination of root systems and PAH concentrations at numerous locations and depths within the basin indicated that plant roots and their microbially active rhizospheres fostered PAH disappearance; including water insoluble, low volatility compounds, i.e. benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene. The reduced concentration of PAHs in the upper strata of this revegetated former sludge basin indicated that natural attenuation had occurred. This observation supports the concept that through appropriate planting and management practices (phytoremediation) it will be possible to accelerate, maximize, and sustain natural processes, whereby even the most recalcitrant PAH contaminants (i.e. benzo(a)pyrene) can be remediated over time.     

Shell acquisition by hermit crabs: which tactic is more efficient?

Gastropod shells are limited resources for most hermit crab species, acting as primary factors in various aspects of their biology. To investigate the efficacy of different behavioral tactics adopted for their acquisition (locomotion, attendance at shell-supplying sites, interactions with conspecifics in aggregation) we conducted observations and experiments at a salt marsh in New England (USA). Locomotion, fast and meandering, significantly increased the chances of encountering empty shells and conspecifics. However, shell exchanges were rare. Simulated gastropod predation sites quickly attracted a larger number of hermit crabs than the other shell-supplying sites tested (live and dead conspecifics, live snails) and induced the rapid occupancy of all the empty shells offered, usually by the first crabs arriving at the site. Aggregations seemed not to function as shell exchange markets, as previously suggested for several other species. In the short run, exploitation seems to be more efficient for the acquisition of new shells by Pagurus longicarpus. In the long run, it is the density of nondestructive gastropod predators that regulates the availability of new shells of good quality in the pool available to this hermit crab species.     

某大型储罐复合地基沉降计算分析

从某大型储罐复合地基沉降机理分析入手,合理选择沉降计算公式,对建造在该类复合地基上的大型储罐沉降量作计算,并经实测沉降资料对比后,验证该类储罐沉降计算方法的适用性,为今后类同工程地质条件下,储罐基础的优化设计积累经验.图1,表1,参3.     

房地产建设项目生态宜居性的模糊综合评价

以现代住区人居生态环境的要求和前人研究为基础,立足于以人为本和便于实际评估工作的开展,综合考虑人居生态环境健康、舒适的特点,在类比众多评价方法和参考国内外指标体系的基础上,运用模糊综合评价对某一大型房地产项目的生态宜居性进行初步分析,以期完善、充实中国房地产项目的生态宜居性评价体系和方法,为该领域的进一步研究提供基础。