Coupling a settlement growth model with an agro-economic land allocation model for securing ecosystem services provision

Mountain landscapes are undergoing rapid land-use changes. Settlement expansion, the intensification of agricultural land-use practices, and farmland abandonment result in a decline of natural and semi-natural habitats and the related ecosystem services (ES). In this context, spatial planning has emerged as a key instrument for the management of ES provision. To better understand trade-offs and interactions between settlement growth and ES provision in a spatially explicit manner, we present a new modeling framework coupling an agent-based, agro-economic optimization model and a cellular-automata-based settlement growth model. The framework is applied in an inner alpine valley in the Valais, Switzerland, which experienced rapid settlement growth in recent years. Results demonstrate how the model framework allows support of local planning processes. Particularly cooperation among municipalities and an explicit consideration of ES can inform spatially explicit ES trade-off decisions under increasing demand for land. We conclude that better informed spatial planning processes support ES provision.     

地铁隧道基础变形分析与计算

地下空间开发引发了大量的补偿基础问题,同时也带来了新的岩土技术难题。对结构荷载已完全被开挖土重所替代的等补偿和超补偿基础而言,理论上基础将不会出现工后沉降,但大量实测数据表明,等补偿甚至超补偿基础往往在竣工后均出现沉降变形,南京地铁隧道基础便是典型实例。为此,探讨了深基础与浅基础间的异同点,并推导出考虑埋深的坑底土体应力计算方法;然后围绕基础的整个施工过程,详细分析了开挖卸荷和施工找平对基底变形的影响,发现找平过程中多挖了与隆起量体积相等的土体,而该缺失的土体将导致基础后期发生沉降变形。据此思路计算地铁隧道基础的变形量,并与工程实测数据进行对比,结果表明两者吻合较好,可为今后类似工程的分析提供参考。     

Take your swimsuit along: the value of improving urban bathing sites in the metropolitan area of Berlin

Many inhabitants of Berlin enjoy bathing in lakes and rivers during the summer. However, so far no data exist about who goes bathing and what quality bathers expect from bathing sites. In an online survey conducted during the summer of 2007 respondents were presented with a choice experiment concerning various attributes of bathing sites such as water quality or cleanliness of the beach. Applying both random parameter logit models as well as a latent class model reveals that unobserved taste heterogeneity is present among bathers, i.e. not all bathers would benefit equally from improving bathing sites. A test concerning preference consistency reveals high internal validity.     

论辐射事故发生原因和预防、解决措施

随着科学技术和社会经济的高速发展,核技术在工业、农业、医疗等领域得到了越来越广泛的应用,但其在带给人类巨大经济效益的同时,也给社会安全带来了潜在的威协,辐射事故时有发生,不仅污染环境,甚至危及人们的身体健康和生命。文中对辐射事故发生的类型、级别以及发生的原因进行了分析,提出了预防和解决的措施。     

城市污泥堆肥过程中堆体表面沉降及减容率的研究

通过测定堆肥过程中堆体表面沉降量的动态变化,结合堆肥温度、含水量和挥发性固体（VS）含量的变化,对堆体表面沉降和减容率及其影响因素进行研究。研究结果表明,城市污泥：树皮（1：1）处理的升温速率、最高温度和高温维持时间、含水量和VS含量去除率等均高于城市污泥：秸秆（1：1）处理,其灭菌、生物干燥和有机质降解效果较好。堆体表面沉降可分为物理压实沉降和有机质降解沉降,城市污泥：树皮（1：1）的物理压缩沉降量低于城市污泥：秸秆（1：1）,主要是因为秸秆作为调理剂的支撑作用比树皮差;前者的有机质降解沉降量大于后者,这与堆肥温度、含水量和VS含量的去除率等因素有关。     

产朊假丝酵母CANDIDA UTILIS细胞壁对铜离子吸附位点的研究

目前认为所有生物大分子都对重金属离子有较强吸附性 ,但某些分子可特异地吸附重金属 ,并介导酵母细胞对重金属的抗性[1] .其中细胞表面的高分子聚合物倍受关注 ,酵母细胞壁约含 4 0种蛋白分子 ,但有关这些蛋白质在对重金属离子吸附中的作用目前还未见报道 .产朊假丝酵母Ｃａｎｄｉｄａｕｔｉｌｉｓ是重要单细胞蛋白生产菌株之一 ,因其营养条件要求不高 ,对工业废水有较强耐受和转化能力而广泛用于生产和研究 .我们观察了产朊假丝酵母细胞与分离纯化的细胞壁对铜离子的吸附能力差异 ,并对细胞壁上重金属离子吸附位点进行了研究 .1　材料与方…     

全期表达外源基因的重组杆状病毒

构建了含早期、晚期、极晚期启动子、全期表达ＨＢｓＡｇ 基因的重组杆状病毒ｖＴｎＮＰＶＰ３５ＨＢｓＯＣＣ＋ ．结果ＨＢｓＡｇ 表达时间由感染后１２ ｈ 提前到４ ｈ,而其表达量,特别是病毒感染早期的表达水平亦显著提高,其中２４ ｈ 和９６ ｈ 的表达量分别比对照提高１８０ ％ 和６０ ％ ． 转录起始位点分析结果显示,该重组毒株可在病毒感染的早、晚期形成多个转录本     

环境监测优化布点的人工神经网络模型

采用B－P算法的人工神经网络,对选定的标准样本进行训练,用训练结束后网络的稳定权值和阈值,并结合标准样本的网络输出,即可对环境监测样点进行优选。应用于大气环境监测优化布点的实例结果表明,人工神经网络用于环境监测优化布点是可行的