Emergy Evaluation of a Village Ecosystem in Wolong Nature Reserve in China

Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for development of local communities residing in these reserves. The village ecosystem of Zhuanjinglou Village in Wolong Nature Reserve includes population, farming and livestock （domestic and alpine） and forest ecosystem. An emergy analysis of agro-ecosystem （including the farming and livestock ecosystem） and energy consumption in Zhuanjinglou Village indicates that livestock ecosystem plays an important role in village ecosystem, which may be the source of great pressure on the state of the local environment. The increasing ratio of electricity in energy consumption may play a positive role for environmental conservation. Despite some successful experiences, there are some remaining issues that need to be addressed in the ecological rehabilitation of the village ecosystem.     

大型基础设施对地缘区人居环境的影响研究

基础设施的价值本源是对人的需求满足,通过与人居环境系统相互作用,表现为对良好人居环境的追求.以可持续的人居环境为目标,以系统思想分析大型基础设施和人居环境系统的作用机理,构建相互作用模型.即基础设施作为人居环境的承载体,通过能源动力、水资源、交通运输、邮电通讯、生态环境和防灾等子系统聚集,实现功能耦合,对自然、人类、社会、居住和支撑等子系统构成的人居环境系统产生相关作用.同时,人居环境系统的适应性促使其与基础设施影响反馈以构成闭环.以上海某典型交通枢纽地区的交通基础设施为例,设计了4个层次29个指标的大型交通基础设施对地缘区人居环境影响度指标体系,基于GA-BP混合算法的影响度模型进行测度.结果表明,大型基础设施与地缘区人居环境呈显著正向相关;社区配套设施完备程度是大型基础设施影响人居环境的主要传导途径;环境污染等指标反映出大型基础设施对人居环境的负面影响,是规划和建设的重点控制路径.     

适应转化:新生代流动人口定居意愿的实证研究及其政策意涵

本文基于南开大学"2013年流动人口管理和服务对策研究问卷调查"的数据,对新生代流动人口定居意愿及其影响因素展开分析,并与老生代流动人口的情况进行比较。发现经济因素对老生代流动人口定居意愿具有显著影响。然而,与之不同的是,职业类型、家庭人均月收入、住房公积金等代表经济因素的指标对新生代流动人口定居意愿的影响不显著。而且,信用卡消费、人均居住面积、居住质量、对城市生活水平的满意度、流入地亲人数、朋友中的本地人数量、日常生活中与本地人的交往频繁程度等代表社会适应因素的指标对新生代流动人口定居意愿具有显著影响;但是,这些社会适应因素对老生代流动人口定居意愿的影响则较为有限。由此可见,流动人口定居意愿影响因素存在显著的代际差异。相对于老生代流动人口而言,新生代流动人口定居意愿的影响因素由经济吸引向社会适应转化。具体而言,新生代流动人口定居意愿的社会适应因素体现在消费方式、居住环境、情感纽带、社会融入、城市评价等五个方面。因此,可以通过增进新生代流动人口的社会适应从而提高其定居意愿。     

Coupling a settlement growth model with an agro-economic land allocation model for securing ecosystem services provision

Mountain landscapes are undergoing rapid land-use changes. Settlement expansion, the intensification of agricultural land-use practices, and farmland abandonment result in a decline of natural and semi-natural habitats and the related ecosystem services (ES). In this context, spatial planning has emerged as a key instrument for the management of ES provision. To better understand trade-offs and interactions between settlement growth and ES provision in a spatially explicit manner, we present a new modeling framework coupling an agent-based, agro-economic optimization model and a cellular-automata-based settlement growth model. The framework is applied in an inner alpine valley in the Valais, Switzerland, which experienced rapid settlement growth in recent years. Results demonstrate how the model framework allows support of local planning processes. Particularly cooperation among municipalities and an explicit consideration of ES can inform spatially explicit ES trade-off decisions under increasing demand for land. We conclude that better informed spatial planning processes support ES provision.     

地铁隧道基础变形分析与计算

地下空间开发引发了大量的补偿基础问题,同时也带来了新的岩土技术难题。对结构荷载已完全被开挖土重所替代的等补偿和超补偿基础而言,理论上基础将不会出现工后沉降,但大量实测数据表明,等补偿甚至超补偿基础往往在竣工后均出现沉降变形,南京地铁隧道基础便是典型实例。为此,探讨了深基础与浅基础间的异同点,并推导出考虑埋深的坑底土体应力计算方法;然后围绕基础的整个施工过程,详细分析了开挖卸荷和施工找平对基底变形的影响,发现找平过程中多挖了与隆起量体积相等的土体,而该缺失的土体将导致基础后期发生沉降变形。据此思路计算地铁隧道基础的变形量,并与工程实测数据进行对比,结果表明两者吻合较好,可为今后类似工程的分析提供参考。     

Take your swimsuit along: the value of improving urban bathing sites in the metropolitan area of Berlin

Many inhabitants of Berlin enjoy bathing in lakes and rivers during the summer. However, so far no data exist about who goes bathing and what quality bathers expect from bathing sites. In an online survey conducted during the summer of 2007 respondents were presented with a choice experiment concerning various attributes of bathing sites such as water quality or cleanliness of the beach. Applying both random parameter logit models as well as a latent class model reveals that unobserved taste heterogeneity is present among bathers, i.e. not all bathers would benefit equally from improving bathing sites. A test concerning preference consistency reveals high internal validity.     

论辐射事故发生原因和预防、解决措施

随着科学技术和社会经济的高速发展,核技术在工业、农业、医疗等领域得到了越来越广泛的应用,但其在带给人类巨大经济效益的同时,也给社会安全带来了潜在的威协,辐射事故时有发生,不仅污染环境,甚至危及人们的身体健康和生命。文中对辐射事故发生的类型、级别以及发生的原因进行了分析,提出了预防和解决的措施。     

周期循环静止沉淀工艺处理矿井水

已有的实验和实践表明,周期循环静止沉淀工艺与常规连续进、出水的单一沉淀工艺相比,其沉淀效率明显提高,其出水水质显著改善。为了进一步研究周期循环静止沉淀工艺的性能,进行了工业性试验研究。结果表明,周期循环静止沉淀池与常规沉淀池相比具有较高的处理能力和水质澄清效果,是常规沉淀池处理能力的1.2倍;在两池循环的周期循环静止沉淀工艺中,当反应池与静止沉淀池总处理能力比为1∶1时,周期循环的静止沉淀池清水层高度为2 m、周期内清水层形成速度为1.67 mm/s、体积负荷和表面负荷较常规沉淀池均提高了20%;受反应池进水流量的冲击影响,周期循环静止沉淀工艺的静止沉淀池设置数以2～3个为最佳;周期循环静止沉淀工艺中反应静止沉淀系统不会对后续过滤单元产生水力影响。     

Metal and metalloid accumulation in shrews (Soricomorpha, Mammalia) from two protected Mediterranean coastal sites

Although ecotoxicological data on heavy metals are abundant, information on other potentially toxic elements with attributed deficiency and/or toxic disturbances is scarce. Here we quantify zinc, copper, iron, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, strontium, barium, and boron in bones of greater white-toothed shrews, Crocidura russula, inhabiting two protected Mediterranean coastal sites: the Ebro Delta, a wetland impacted by human activities, and the Medas Islands, a reference site. Natural and anthropogenic inputs significantly increase Fe, Mn, Mo, Sr, Ba, and B in specimens from the Ebro Delta, whereas Cu and Cr were higher in Medas' shrews. Principal component analysis allowed complete separation between sites along the first two axes in particular due to B, Sr, and Cu. This study provides metal reference values in bones of insectivores, explores their variability and bioaccumulation patterns in depth, and assesses the potential environmental risk and toxicity for biota exposed to the above elements.