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351.
大气沉降对土壤重金属累积的影响 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
选择大气污染严重的太原市为研究区,通过定点监测,分析了不同类型区大气TSP和降尘的污染状况及周年内的月变化趋势,测定了大气干湿沉降中Hg、Cd、Pb三种重金属元素的含量,并计算出大气干湿沉降对土壤系统重金属的年输入量分别为Hg4.48g/(hm2×a),Cd6.34g/(hm2×a),Pb349.4g/(hm2×a);不同类型区大气污染状况与大气沉降输入土壤中重金属累积顺序一致均为工矿区>城区和近郊区>风景区>远郊区。 相似文献
352.
Marc Fadel Frédéric Ledoux Mariana Farhat Adib Kfoury Dominique Courcot Charbel Afif 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):98-116
Primary and secondary organic aerosols in PM2.5 were investigated over a one-year campaign at Zouk Mikael and Fiaa, Lebanon. The n-alkanes concentrations were quite similar at both sites (26-29 ng/m3) and mainly explained by anthropogenic emissions rather than natural ones. The concentrations of total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were nearly three times higher at Zouk Mikael (2.56 ng/m3) compared to Fiaa (0.95 ng/m3), especially for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene linked to the presence of the power plant. A characteristic indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene + benzo[g,h,i]perylene) ratio in the range 0.8-1.0 was determined for heavy fuel oil combustion from the power plant. Fatty acids and hopanes were also investigated and were assigned to cooking activities and vehicular emissions respectively. Phthalates were identified for the first time in Lebanon with high concentrations at Zouk and Fiaa (106.88 and 97.68 ng/m3 respectively). Moreover, the biogenic secondary aerosols revealed higher concentrations in summer. The total terpene concentration varied between 131 ng/m3 at Zouk Mikael in winter to 469 ng/m3 at Fiaa in summer. Additionnally, the concentrations of the dicarboxylic acids especially for adipic and phthalic acids were more influenced by anthropogenic sources.The analysis of molecular markers and diagnostic ratios indicated that the sites were strongly affected by anthropogenic sources such as waste open burning, diesel private generators, cooking activities, road transport, power plant, and industrial emissions. Moreover, results showed different pattern during winter and summer seasons. Whereas, higher concentrations of biogenic markers were clearly encountered during the summer period. 相似文献
353.
The present study deals with the characterisation and interpretation of hourly taken maximum ozone concentrations of each day at various high altitude monitoring sites in Germany and contributes to the understanding of ozone transport processes. The relation between long range transport of ozone as well as its precursors and high ozone concentrations is of special interest. Aim of this paper is to investigate the influence and importance of large scale meteorological circulation and source regions of anthropogenic ozone precursors to local ozone concentrations using 2-dimensional backward trajectories. Further, reasons for the spatial and temporal variation of ozone concentration levels will be shown. Investigating numerous cases a similar origin of air masses causing high ozone concentrations in Germany and uniform patterns at various sites could be identified. 相似文献
354.
355.
辐射环境监测优化布点的特征分析方法 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
介绍了特征分析方法的基本原理及其MATLAB语言实现过程,并将特征分析法、传统布点法,以及BP人工神经网络法对同一地区辐射环境监测优化布点的核素含量均值作了比较,结果表明,用特征分析法优选出的采样点位,其核素含量均值对传统布点法的相对偏差均为负值,且<10%,即便与BP法相比,也不失其优越性,表明用特征分析法监测一个地区环境辐射平均水平的优化布点是十分理想的. 相似文献
356.
Hierarchical partial order ranking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carlsen L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(2):247-253
357.
358.
Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi María José López-Fuster 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(4):1243-1248
Although ecotoxicological data on heavy metals are abundant, information on other potentially toxic elements with attributed deficiency and/or toxic disturbances is scarce. Here we quantify zinc, copper, iron, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, strontium, barium, and boron in bones of greater white-toothed shrews, Crocidura russula, inhabiting two protected Mediterranean coastal sites: the Ebro Delta, a wetland impacted by human activities, and the Medas Islands, a reference site. Natural and anthropogenic inputs significantly increase Fe, Mn, Mo, Sr, Ba, and B in specimens from the Ebro Delta, whereas Cu and Cr were higher in Medas' shrews. Principal component analysis allowed complete separation between sites along the first two axes in particular due to B, Sr, and Cu. This study provides metal reference values in bones of insectivores, explores their variability and bioaccumulation patterns in depth, and assesses the potential environmental risk and toxicity for biota exposed to the above elements. 相似文献
359.
已有的实验和实践表明,周期循环静止沉淀工艺与常规连续进、出水的单一沉淀工艺相比,其沉淀效率明显提高,其出水水质显著改善。为了进一步研究周期循环静止沉淀工艺的性能,进行了工业性试验研究。结果表明,周期循环静止沉淀池与常规沉淀池相比具有较高的处理能力和水质澄清效果,是常规沉淀池处理能力的1.2倍;在两池循环的周期循环静止沉淀工艺中,当反应池与静止沉淀池总处理能力比为1∶1时,周期循环的静止沉淀池清水层高度为2 m、周期内清水层形成速度为1.67 mm/s、体积负荷和表面负荷较常规沉淀池均提高了20%;受反应池进水流量的冲击影响,周期循环静止沉淀工艺的静止沉淀池设置数以2~3个为最佳;周期循环静止沉淀工艺中反应静止沉淀系统不会对后续过滤单元产生水力影响。 相似文献
360.
介绍了填埋场垃圾稳定化机理,分析了影响填埋场稳定化的因素,提出了建立准好氧填埋场不仅有利于加快垃圾的稳定化进程,还可减排温室气体和改善渗滤液水质,确保填埋场地最大限度地安全再利用。 相似文献