颤蚓对活性污泥沉降性能的影响

系统考察了低、中、高3种不同污泥浓度下(TSS≈4 g·L-1、6 g·L-1和8 g·L-1),一定的颤蚓投加比例对活性污泥沉降性能的影响,并同时考察了颤蚓对污泥特性的影响.研究结果表明,投加颤蚓后60min内,活性污泥沉降速率明显加快,60min时的污泥容积相对于未投加颤蚓前可减少8%～42%;而且.这种效应对污泥浓度高的活性污泥更为显著和有效.然而.通过对污泥特性的分析表明,颤蚓在短时间内(1～3h)对污泥平均粒径、Zeta 电位并无多少影响;此时污泥容积指数(SVI)和胞外聚合物含量(EPS)却反而略有增加.     

机械行业含油污水处理方法的探讨

以机械行业的常见含润滑剂冷却废油污水为例 ,介绍了该污水产生的特点 ;絮凝法处理该含油污水的工艺及其处理效果。     

AB法A段活性污泥沉降性能探讨

采用传统理论对A段活性污泥沉降性能分析得出：由于A段BOD5负荷高，微生物能量水平高，则易出现污泥分散生长，凝聚性能较差的情况，而且A段一般在微氧条件下运行，易于现溶解氧浓度受限制而发生低DO型膨胀。然而，事实上，A段具有良好的沉降性能，这是传统理论所不能解释的。本文分析了AB法A段活性污泥具有良好沉降性能的原因，着重探讨了不设初沉地，水力停留时间，污泥龄及有机物负荷对A段污泥沉降性能的影响。     

PCDDs and PCDFs in water, sludge and air samples from various levels in a waste water treatment plant with respect to composition changes and total flux

A flux estimate of PCDDs and PCDFs through a waste water treatment plant has been made on an annual basis. The samples were collected from different steps in the treatment procedure within the plant i.e. inlet and outlet water, different sludge types and air samples. From the surroundings of the plant were collected samples of urban air, storm sewer water (urban runoff), plant discharge water and settling particulates from a sediment trap downstream the plant discharge. Differences in congener profiles were found between the samples taken within the plant compared to those collected outside. The flux of PCDD and PCDF equivalents through the plant was found to be approximately 0.4 – 0.5 g/year and the major part was taken away as digested sludge.     

Effect of Long Retention Time in the Settler on Phosphorus Removal from Communal Wastewater (4 pp)

- Goals. The objective of the paper is to illustrate the solution of a chronic problem occurring in a wastewater treatment facility with a capacity of 12,000 inhabitant equivalent. A drastic phosphorus concentration increase (two or three times higher than the Hungarian limit of 1 mg/l) was observed in the wastewater treatment facility for a long time (12–24 h) with changing time periods indicating malfunctioning in the operation of the facility. Methods Computer-aided simulation technique was used to develop a solution for the treatment of the problem using a software developed by the Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Veszprém, Hungary. Results and Discussion The simulation studies show that if the nightly inflow is less than 200 m3/h at least for two hours, the system doesn't then receive enough fresh nutrients which can cause a deficiency in the nutrient uptake of the PAOs in the anaerobic zones. This can result in the fact that the PAOs accumulate less phosphorus into the aerobic zones. Conclusion Long retention time (10 h) is the reason for the problem, namely – under special conditions – the phosphorus in the sludge of the settling tank of the wastewater treatment plant. The problem was caused by phosphorus dissolution from the sludge of the settling tank during the undesirably long retention time.     

PDW-Ⅱ型石油钻井污水处理机的研制与应用

本文介绍了PDW-Ⅱ型石油钻井污水处理机的开发研究及现场试验结果。该机采用一步絮凝沉淀的工艺过程，适用于低色度、低浊度石油钻井污水的处理。试验表明：处理后出水达到国家综合污水二级排放标准，可以排放或回用于井场。     

皮革废水除铬碱剂筛选

化学沉淀是处理含有高浓度铬的皮革废水的有效方法，碱剂的选择至关重要．其决定因素为所生成的铬泥的沉降性能与纯度，而铬泥性质的报导较少。本文比较了五种碱剂：NaOH、MgO、CaO、NaHCO3、Na2CO3，发现它们的Cr去除率均达到99％以上．但铬泥性能差别很大。MgO的铬泥沉降性能非常优越，而NaHCO3、Na2CO3的铬泥很差。铬泥纯度与沉降性能基本正相关。在NaOH和CaO中掺入部分MgO可以较大的改善所生成铬泥的性能．CaO／MgO效果更好而且更经济。CaO最大掺入量可达80％(重量比)，最佳投药量以投加后pH=8．3为宜。     

辐流式斜管沉淀池处理生活污水的实验研究

斜管沉淀池是指在沉淀区内设有斜管的沉淀池。在平流式或竖流式沉淀池的沉淀区内利用倾斜的平行管或平行管道分割成一系列浅层沉淀层,被处理的和沉降的沉泥在各沉淀浅层中相互运动并分离。根据其相互运动方向分为逆(异)向流、同向流和逆向流三种不同分离方式。每两块平行斜板间相当于一个很浅的沉淀池。辐流式沉淀池半桥式周边传动刮泥活性污泥法处理污水工艺过程中沉淀池的理想配套设备适用于一沉池或二沉池,主要功能是为去除沉淀池中沉淀的污泥以及水面表层的漂浮物。一般适用于大中池径沉淀池。辐流式沉淀池采用机械排泥,运行较好,设备较简单,排泥设备已有定型产品,沉淀性效果好,日处理量大,对水体搅动小,有利于悬浮物的去除。本研究通过掌握斜管沉淀池的构造功能及沉淀原理、通过改变运行因素来验证斜管沉淀池的处理效率。     

颗粒污泥沉降动力学模型研究

通过分析颗粒污泥沉降过程的特点,采用颗粒物质干涉沉降规律对颗粒污泥沉降过程进行描述·结合Allen阻力公式,建立了颗粒污泥沉降动力学模型,并用实验和文献数据对模型的可靠性进行了验证,模型预测值误差不超过土8%.应用模型对好氧颗粒污泥沉降速度的模拟实验表明,一般好氧颗粒污泥沉降速度在5～120 m/h,沉降速度随好氧颗粒污泥粒径和密度的增大而增加,沉降过程雷诺数(Re)在1～100,处于Allen阻力区.     

处理实际生活污水短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养

以普通序批反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)和气提式序批反应器(Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactor,SBAR)处理低COD/TN的实际生活污水,考察了不同沉淀时间以及反应器类型对快速培养短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥(Aerobic Granular Sludge,AGS)的影响.试验结果表明,沉淀时间为15min时,SBR和SBAR系统中均为全程硝化,当将沉淀时间分别改为5min、8min后的第17d和第16d时,两个反应器中均形成AGS,并且AGS与絮状污泥共存;此时两系统均由全程硝化转化为短程硝化,出水NO2-/(NO2- NO3-)平均值分别长期维持在98.7%和85.6%左右.本试验中以沉淀时间作为选择压,快速启动了具有短程硝化功能的序批式AGS反应器.由于AGS固有结构对氧传质的限制,使亚硝酸氮氧化受阻即抑制了亚硝酸氮氧化细菌的活性,从而产生了亚硝酸氮积累现象.DO是造成本研究中出现短程硝化的主要原因,而pH值、游离氨、温度、污泥龄等因素都不是导致短程硝化的关键因素.污泥颗粒化后,两个系统中NH4 -N降解速率分别提高了2.6倍和2.4倍.