下旋型重力旋流沉淀池合理设计与计算

下旋型重力旋流沉淀池在钢铁厂轧钢、连铸废水处理中已被广泛采用,具有占地少、处理后水质好、便于抓渣等优点。本文在理论上和总结设计及生产运行经验基础上介绍了下旋重力旋流沉淀池的构造、设计和计算。     

糠醛生产废渣直接转化为复合肥—添加剂(Ⅰ)配方与蒸馏条件的研究

 采用复合添加剂（I），以稻草（或麦杆）为原料，用硫酸酸化水解制糠醛，研究了复合添加剂（I）各成分的含量和添加量以及蒸馏条件对渣酸度的影响．结果表明，以20％（wt/wt,%）硫酸，液固比为3∶1～4∶1（wt/wt），复合添加h们）与原料的比为02：1〔WVWt），添加剂（I）配方为：磷酸钙7％，磷酸和重钙5％－10％，亚硫酸氢钠和碳酸钙3％－5％，助剂（III）5％－10％；蒸馏温度110～130℃，时间2.5～3.0h，出醛率可达理论量的80％以上，废渣全部转化为中性复合肥.     

运行调控方式对好氧颗粒污泥特性的影响

采用厌好氧交替的SBR反应器培养好氧颗粒污泥,研究不同运行调控方式形成的好氧颗粒污泥性质的差异。结果表明,通过进料负荷和沉降时间的调控,都可以实现好氧污泥完全颗粒化。通过进料负荷调控培养出的好氧颗粒,污泥浓度大,颗粒周围原后生动物丰富,颗粒存在核心,从中心到表面有明显分层;使用短沉降时间调控培养出的好氧颗粒污泥,颗粒粒径均匀,表面有丝状微生物伸出,污泥浓度较小,颗粒周围少见原后生动物,颗粒从中心到表面无明显分层。两种颗粒的微生物分布具有相似性,即颗粒表面多为杆菌,中心以球菌为主。两种颗粒形成过程中,污泥浓度变化很大,但污泥均保持较高的沉降性,污泥良好的沉降性是形成好氧颗粒污泥的必要前提。     

电镀废水综合治理的研究

本文用化学法研究了电镀废水的治理。对溶液中ｐＨ值、含盐量对处理效果的影响，Ｃｒ６＋含量与处理剂，处理后水溶液中含盐量、沉渣量之间的关系以及沉渣的沉降速度进行了考察．工业试验结果表明：采用实验室操作条件获得了满意的治理效果。     

Markovian–Octant analysis based stable turbulent shear stresses in near-bed bursting phenomena of vortex settling chamber

The coherent structure in near-bed turbulent boundary layer of vortex chamber, particularly the bursting events and their associated shear stresses play the main role in sediment flushing process and consequently the trap efficiency of the vortex settling chamber. Hence, three-dimensional velocity measurements were made at 48 points near the bed of physical model of vortex chamber by using Micro-ADV. The pattern of sediment deposition at the bed of vortex settling chamber reveals three separate regions formed by three predominant currents of inlet flow, flushing flow and outlet over flow. Additionally, due to the instability and three-dimensional nature of the bursting events near the bed of chamber, the new method of Markovian–Octant analysis was applied to study the different classes of near-bed stable shear stresses of vortex chamber in three dimensions. Moreover, the role of each class of stable shear stresses on Sediment transport mechanism at the bed of vortex chamber is investigated.     

The Residence Time of Settling Particles in the Surface Mixed Layer

The transport from the upper mixed layer into the pycnocline of particles with negative buoyancy is considered. Assuming the hydrodynamic parameters to be time- independent, an adjoint model is resorted to that provides a general expression of the residence time in the mixed layer of the constituent under study. It is seen that the residence time decreases as the settling velocity increases or the diffusivity decreases. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the residence time must be larger than z/w and smaller than h/w, where z, h and w denote the distance to the pycnocline, the thickness of the mixed layer and the sinking velocity. In the vicinity of the pycnocline, the residence time is not necessarily zero; its behaviour critically depends on the eddy diffusivity profile in this region. Closed-form solutions are obtained for constant and quadratic diffusivity profiles, which allows for an analysis of the sensitivity of the residence time to the Peclet number. Finally, an approximate value is suggested of the depth-averaged value of the residence time.     

石油类物质环己烷对活性污泥沉降性能的影响

炼油废水中石油类物质容易影响活性污泥沉降性能、干扰处理效果.为了定量分析石油类物质对活性污泥沉降性能的影响,采用定量图像分析技术,通过图像采集、图像处理、图像分析和数据处理流程,考察了不同浓度环己烷影响下活性污泥絮体微观参数变化情况及参数间的相关性,并分析了微观参数与宏观参数[SV（污泥沉降比）、SVI（污泥容积指数）和MLSS（污泥浓度）]间的相关性.结果表明:①絮体微观参数值随环己烷投加浓度的变化规律具有明显的分组现象,同组参数间相关性强,可据此将参数分为大小类、规则性类和密实性类.②环己烷在低于1 g/L浓度条件下使活性污泥沉降体积增大,此时密实性参数与环己烷投加浓度、SV和SVI分别具有一定相关性.③环己烷投加浓度≥ 1 g/L时会导致污泥上浮流失,此时大小类和规则性类参数均分别与SV和MLSS具有一定相关性,其中,孔率与环己烷投加浓度呈负相关（R2为0.91）,分形维数与SV和MLSS分别呈负相关（R2分别为0.75和0.89）.研究显示,利用定量图像分析技术检测孔率和分形维数等污泥絮体微观参数,能够反映石油类物质对活性污泥沉降性能的影响,当孔率降至0.98以下预示着污泥流失,并且分形维数越大,流失越严重.      

Evaluating the Applicability of a Two‐dimensional Flow Model of a Highly Heterogeneous Domain to Flow and Environmental Management

Two‐dimensional simulation of highly heterogeneous domains, especially those with disparate length scales, roughness conditions, and geometries, often leads to challenges such as long computation times and numerical instability. Simulation of challenging domains is often needed to guide flood management and environmental regulation agencies in operation and potential domain modifications. This work evaluates the ability of a two‐dimensional unsteady hydrodynamic model to represent long‐duration transient flows over a domain with highly heterogeneous roughness, geometric characteristics, and length scales through bed roughness representation. The domain includes 13 km of Cache Creek and the 14.5 km² Cache Creek Settling Basin, which traps both sediment and mercury. Calibration under different bed roughness methods, validation, and modeling results of bathymetric modification scenarios are presented. The modeling approach's performance supports its application as a tool for management of similar domains, such as settling basins, leveed floodplains, and reservoirs. Accurate representation of flow dynamics can also inform environmental management that involves transport of sediments, nutrients, and heavy metals. This study found that a two‐dimensional unsteady flow model can accurately represent long‐duration transient flow in a large settling basin with highly heterogeneous characteristics without parsing of the domain or flow events simulated.     

活性污泥培养初期溶解氧(DO)的控制

活性污泥培养初期,由于污泥尚未大量形成,细菌消耗的营养和溶解氧少,曝气量大大少于稳定运行期间的曝气量。以缙云污水处理厂为例,对培养初期污泥沉降比(SV30)与溶解氧(DO)以及化学需氧量(COD)去除率之间的关系进行了探讨。     

颤蚓污泥减容效果及其影响因素分析

通过批沉降实验考察了颤蚓对一系列来源不同、性质不同的活性污泥沉降性能的影响.结果表明,颤蚓污泥减容效果显著.对活性污泥的主要性质指标进行Pearson偏相关分析后.发现污泥本身的污泥沉降比(SV,亦称30min沉降率)和半沉降时间t50是影响颤蚓污泥减容作用的重要因素,而并非污泥浓度TSS和SVI.其中,SV分别与颤蚓作用60min后的污泥减容率η(SV60)及污泥半沉降时间的减少率η(t50)之间显著相关.另外,在污泥性质相同的情况下,颤蚓污泥容积比也是影响颤蚓污泥减容效果的重要因素,单位容积下颤蚓投加量越大,污泥减容率会越高.