AZ31镁合金的研究现状和发展前景

叙述了AZ31镁合金在组织、性能等方面的特点,介绍了主要合金元素对AZ(Mg Al Zn)系镁合金组织和性能的影响;综述了该合金的研究现状,提出了该合金发展和应用前景。     

大气降尘中铅、锌、铜、铁的原子吸收光谱法测定

研究了大气降尘中铅、锌、铜、铁等金属元素的原子吸收光谱测定方法,用氢氟酸消解法对降尘进行预处理,并对方法的精密度、准确度进行了检验,结果较为满意.该法简便、快速、灵敏.     

Sampling The Soil In Long-Term Forest Plots: The Implications Of Spatial Variation

Long-term monitoring of forest soils as part of a pan-European network to detect environmental change depends on an accurate determination of the mean of the soil properties at each monitoring event. Forest soil is known to be very variable spatially, however. A study was undertaken to explore and quantify this variability at three forest monitoring plots in Britain. Detailed soil sampling was carried out, and the data from the chemical analyses were analysed by classical statistics and geostatistics. An analysis of variance showed that there were no consistent effects from the sample sites in relation to the position of the trees. The variogram analysis showed that there was spatial dependence at each site for several variables and some varied in an apparently periodic way. An optimal sampling analysis based on the multivariate variogram for each site suggested that a bulked sample from 36 cores would reduce error to an acceptable level. Future sampling should be designed so that it neither targets nor avoids trees and disturbed ground. This can be achieved best by using a stratified random sampling design.     

Physical properties and biodegradability of blends containing poly(ε-caprolactone) and tropical starches

In order to assess feasibility of tropical starches (sago and cassava starches) as biodegradable plastic materials, blending with poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), a biodegradable polymer, was carried out. It was confirmed that the physical properties (tensile strength and elongation) of PCL/sago and PCL/cassava blends were similar to those of PCL/corn blend, suggesting that sago and cassava starches can also be blended with PCL for production of biodegradable plastic. However, the properties of all PCL/starch blends were still low compared with those of polyethylene. Enzymatic degradability evaluation showed that lipase degradation of PCL and-amylase degradation of starch increased as the starch content in the blend increased. Burial test of the blends for 1, 3, and 5 months was carried out and the rate of degradation of the PCL/sago blend was confirmed to be slower than those of PCL/corn and PCL/cassava blends. Observation of the film blends structure by scanning electron microscope revealed that the starch was dispersed in a PCL continuous phase. Furthermore, changes in the film surface before and after enyzme treatments were observed.     

用二级絮凝强化技术处理钻井污水研究

絮凝沉降法是国内外普遍采用的钻井污水处理方法。对辽河油田的钻井污水采用二次絮凝处理工艺进行了实验。该油田钻井污水处理中选用CaCl2作为一级絮凝剂,利用离心强化固液分离法,污染物的脱除效率高,处理时间短。用二级絮凝强化技术处理钻井污水时采用了调质剂C和助凝剂D与絮凝剂PAC或LX复配,出水中铬的化学需氧量低于150mg/L,处理后的水质满足排放标准。     

油毡造纸污水治理技术探索

采用单一成分絮凝剂和多种成分絮凝剂按不同配比多种方法对污水进行处理。对所用药剂加以筛选,优化组合。结果表明用高分子絮凝剂成本低,沉降速度快。     

Soil and plant characteristics of landfill sites near Merseyside,England

An ecological survey of the plant and soil characteristics was carried out on three landfill sites near Merseyside, England. It was discovered that bare ground at two of the landfill areas had high levels of methane contained in the soil air (Sefton Meadows landfill: 6–8% at 35 cm and 16–35% at 65 cm below soil surface; Coalgate Lane landfill: 1–24% at 35 cm and 39–45% at 40 cm below soils surface), causing the appearance of dark grey reduced regions in the soil, a phenomenon similar to flooded soil. The wellvegetated areas at the two sites had lower levels of methane (under 7%).In areas relatively free of methane, the concentrations of mineralized N and NO₃ ^– had significant correlations with the dry weights of vegetation (r = 0.71 withp<0.01;r=0.61 withp<0.02 accordingly), indicating the necessity of applying available nitrogen fertilizer.     

Biodegradable Corn Starch Loose-Fill. II. The Effect of Storage at Different Relative Humidities on the Physical Properties of Loose-Fill

The physical properties of corn starch loose-fill were examined at various relative humidities (r.h.). After 48 h of storage at both 25 and 50% r.h., only a slight change in the dimension and physical properties of the corn starch loose-fill was apparent. A wet environment (75% r.h. for 48 h), however, caused significant shrinkage and the loss of physical properties. The tensile properties, particularly tensile modulus, sharply increased, while the resilience gradually decreased with storage time. Amorphous X-ray diffraction patterns of corn starch loose-fills were transformed into crystalline patterns due to aging at 75% r.h. after 48 h. These changes were attributed to the structural relaxation, which was accelerated by moisture gain. The T _g of corn starch loose-fill decreased with increasing the moisture content in expanded starch. Our proposed model based on Avrami equation was able to describe the time-dependent recrystallization of corn starch by modifying the time-dependent tensile modulus. The growth parameter (n) and time constant (k) for the recrystallization process of corn starch loose-fill were about 3.2 and 8.87 × 10^–18 s^–1, respectively. If the growth parameter of 3.2 is considered, spherulitic growth of crystallization occurred in the corn starch loose-fill in the wet environment.     

混凝沉淀法处理钮扣生产废水

进行了混凝沉淀法处理钮扣生产废水的研究，结果表明，当原水ＳＳ为１２００，ｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤＣｒ为１６５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，在水温１５℃，ｐＨ６．０－６．５，搅拌时间３－５ｍｉｎ，Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３投加量４００－５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，沉淀时间３０－４０ｍｉｎ的条件下，ＳＳ，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率分别达到９０％，７５％以上。     

土壤理化特性对稻田CH4排放的影响

为了研究土壤理化特性对稻田CH4 排放的影响 ,室外盆栽试验于 2 0 0 0年水稻生长季在南京农业大学实施 ,1 8个供试水稻土分别取自江苏宜兴、江宁、六合、仪征及宝应等地 .所有供试土壤的季节性CH4 平均排放通量为 6 42± 2 70mg·(m2 ·h) - 1,最低和最高值分别为 1 96mg·(m2 ·h) - 1和 1 1 0 6mg·(m2 ·h) - 1,两者相差约 5 6倍 .单相关分析结果表明 :影响CH4 排放的主要土壤参数为质地、氮素状况及铜含量 .CH4 排放与土壤砂粒含量呈正相关 (r =0 5 2 8,p =0 0 2 4) ,与粘粒含量呈负相关 (r =-0 484,p =0 0 42 ) .氮素含量高的土壤CH4 排放较低 ,CH4 排放与土壤全氮、速效氮和铵态氮含量的线性相关系数分别为 -0 449(p =0 0 62 )、-0 61 1 (p =0 0 0 7)和 -0 649(p =0 0 0 4) .土壤铜含量直接影响CH4 的排放 ,CH4 排放与有效态铜和全铜含量的线性相关系数分别为 -0 5 94(p =0 0 0 9)和 -0 5 47(p =0 0 1 9) .本研究并未观测到CH4 排放与土壤有机碳含量有相关关系 ,这与前人报道的实验室培养测定结果及稻田CH4 排放随土壤有机质含量提高而增加的假设完全不同 .逐步回归分析表明 ,不同土壤间CH4 排放的变异性有 75 5 %可由土壤有效态铜含量、镁 (全量 )含量及有效铁含量与全量铁之