我国曝气塘水力停留时间和比功率选用范围分析

在总结和分析国外曝气塘水力停留时间和比功率选用状况的基础上,阐述了盲目应用国外曝气塘有关设计参数进行我国曝气塘设计可能出现的问题,并计算和提出了我国曝气塘设计水力停留时间和比功率的选用范围。      

两级完全混合发酵工艺开发碳源试验研究

采用两级完全混合发酵工艺进行碳源开发试验,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)和污泥停留时间(SRT)对工艺开发碳源效果的影响.研究表明,固定SRT为4d,污泥回流比为1,HRT在32~36h,系统出水的溶解性COD(SCOD)可维持在1090~1180mg/L,且浓缩池泥水分离效果较好,出水的SS保持在50~80mg/L.保持系统的HRT为32h,污泥回流比为1,SRT在4~7d时,可实现厌氧系统中产酸菌与产甲烷菌的分离,系统能够保持良好的产酸效果,此时系统出水的SCOD值基本稳定于980~1179mg/L.碱度可以作为衡量水解酸化系统是否有效运行的重要参数.HRT为32h,SRT为4d的工况下,初沉污泥酸化发酵系统对氨氮和磷的释放率分别为3.88 mgN/gVSS和0.27mgP/gVSS.     

基于多时相NDVI数据的复种指数提取方法研究

多熟种植是中国重要的种植制度,在农业生产中具有重要的地位。复种指数反映了耕地实际利用强度,及时获取其空间分布信息是国家农业决策的基础。论文在重新理解和定义复种指数的基础上,提出了一种基于NDVI曲线迭代修正的复种指数遥感提取方法,并以SPOT/VGT多时相NDVI数据为基础,提取了1999~2004年中国北方17省市区农用地的复种指数。结果表明:提取的复种指数空间分布符合我国耕作制度区划,基于目视解译的样点检验总体精度为95.24%,Kappa系数为0.9057,与根据统计数据得出的复种指数结果的线性回归斜率为0.9288（R2=0.9159,P<0.001）,表明该方法能够准确快捷地提取复种指数,及时地为农业和土地管理部门提供耕作制度的空间信息。     

沙尘暴对呼吸及循环系统疾病日门诊量的影响

对沙尘天气频发区甘肃省武威市的7所大、中型医院在2004、2005年沙尘天气高发时段(3月1日～5月31日)的呼吸系统和循环系统每日门诊人数进行了调查,采用半参数广义相加模型(GAM),在排除了医院日门诊量的长期趋势、大气污染因素、气象因素、日历效应等因素之后,分别对每年进行分析.结果表明,沙尘暴和扬沙天气与呼吸、循环系统疾病日门诊人数的增加有联系,且均表现为滞后效应,其影响程度为沙尘暴大于扬沙天气,沙尘暴和扬沙天气对健康的影响因不同年份而不同,表明沙尘天气对健康的影响受多种因素的影响.沙尘暴对健康的影响有性别差异.     

循环式活性污泥法中好氧选择区的运行条件研究

研究了循环式活性污泥法好氧生物选择区的停留时间和整个系统中泥龄、污泥负荷、曝气时间等运行参数对选择区内微生物吸附性能的影响。结果表明 ,选择器停留时间 3 0 min,系统泥龄 9～ 15 d,曝气 2 h,污泥有机负荷为 0 .3 g CODCr/(g ML SS·d)左右时 ,选择器中微生物的吸附性能最优 ,可去除进水中 90以上的 CODCr。     

飞机铝合金结构腐蚀损伤预测方法对比性研究

依据飞机LD2结构材料的加速腐蚀试验数据,提出了数据拟合、神经网络、时间序列3种腐蚀损伤预测方法,并对3种预测方法的基本原理、预测精度及预测外延性进行了对比分析。研究发现神经网络和时间序列方法预测精度较高;时间序列方法的预测外延性较好,能够以较高精度预测未来一段时期腐蚀损伤的发展趋势及损伤程度。因此,应根据研究需要选用合适的方法进行腐蚀损伤预测。     

Real-time wastewater monitoring as tool to detect clandestine waste discharges into the sewage system

The entry of illegally discharged waste into the sewage system can cause serious damage to sewage pipes and harm the public domain. Besides industrial and communal sources, discharges from clandestine laboratories are of special forensic interest. Aim of this study is to investigate the possibility to detect clandestine discharges of possibly hazardous waste directly at the point of discharge. Tests were performed at a facility where real wastewater was pumped in a controlled way through an open sewage pipe above ground. Chloride, ammonia, pH and conductivity electrodes were investigated for their ability to detect discharges of different types of waste. Waste samples were diluted up to 50 times in a static wastewater environment and pH, conductivity and chloride electrodes were able to distinguish all waste dilutions from blank wastewater. These three electrodes were then used for dynamic tests by placing them inside flowing sewage water and discharging different types of liquid waste ten meters upstream of them. Parameters of the waste discharges like volume, time interval and speed of discharge were varied and the responses of the electrodes were collected. The dynamic tests showed that these three electrodes were able to pick up different waste discharges in a real wastewater environment. It was found that a high sampling rate of the sensors would be required to connect a certain discharge to a specific household connection. These findings highlight the possibility to locate illegal discharges, coming from a variety of sources, using the waste discharge itself.     

The consequences of (not) seeing eye-to-eye about the past: The role of supervisor–team fit in past temporal focus for supervisors' leadership behavior

This study seeks to advance our understanding of the leadership consequences that may ensue when supervisors and their teams have similar versus differing orientations toward the past. Integrating a leader–team fit perspective with functional leadership theory, we cast incongruence between supervisor and team past temporal focus as a key antecedent of supervisors' active (i.e., task-oriented and relationship-oriented) and passive (i.e., laissez-faire) leadership behaviors toward the team. We tested our hypotheses in a team-level study that included a field sample of 84 supervisors and their teams using polynomial regression and response surface analyses. Results illustrated that supervisors demonstrated more task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership when supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus were incongruent rather than aligned. Furthermore, in situations of supervisor–team congruence, supervisors engaged in less task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership and more laissez-faire leadership with higher (rather than lower) levels of supervisor and team past temporal focus. In sum, these findings support a complex (mis)fit model such that supervisors' attention to the past may hinder their productive leadership behaviors in some team contexts but not in others. Hence, this research advances a novel, multiple-stakeholder perspective on the role of both supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus for important leadership behaviors.     

Subjective time in organizations: Conceptual clarification,integration, and implications for future research

Despite the rapid growth of organizational research on subjective time, the extant literature is fragmented due to a lack of conceptual clarification and integration of temporal constructs. To address this fragmentation, we synthesize temporal research from both organizational behavior and adjacent disciplines (i.e., strategy, entrepreneurship, and organizational theory) and introduce a framework that allocates temporal constructs according to their basic conceptual nature (trait–state) and level of analysis (individual–collective). We employed the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count text analysis to determine the trait–state property of the constructs and a coding method to determine their level of analysis. This framework categorizes four generic types of subjective time: individual temporal disposition, individual temporal state, collective temporal state, and collective temporal disposition. We clarify the conceptualizations of the temporal constructs belonging to each of the four archetypes of subjective time and review their key findings in the organizational literature. Based on this integrative framework, we identify critical knowledge gaps in the current state of research and chart a future agenda with specific suggestions.     

基于极限学习机的炭化可燃物着火时间预测

机器学习技术近年来在许多传统科学领域取得了应用,针对火灾中炭化可燃物着火时间与物性参数及环境参数之间关系复杂的特点,提出了一种基于极限学习机的预测方法以实现不同物性及环境参数时着火时间的快速准确预测,为防治及扑救火灾提供参考。首先建立炭化可燃物热解数值模型,考虑了可燃物热解过程中的含水率以及热解反应、气体流动等复杂物理化学反应过程,然后搭建极限学习机,以数值模拟数据为基础进行训练及验证工作。结果表明基于极限学习机的预测方法能够有效实现炭化可燃物着火时间的快速准确预测,平均相对误差小于3%。