The genetic architecture of pheromone production between populations distant from the hybrid zone of the pine engraver, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips pini</Emphasis>

Summary. Across North America, populations of the pine engraver, Ips pini, differ in their expressed ratios of the two enantiomers of ipsdienol, the main component of its aggregation pheromone. We confirm previous studies, showing that the percentage of (+)-ipsdienol ranged from approximately 40 to 70% for New York (NY) males and less then 5% for California (CA) males. We performed line crosses including the F1, F2, and backcross generations between these populations. These line crosses showed that most F1 hybrids produced an intermediate enantiomeric blend of ipsdienol that was closer to the CA blend, with a frequency distribution peak near 15% (+)-ipsdienol. There was also strong segregation to either parental type in the F2 and backcross generations, but not in a pattern that could be clearly described by a single autosomal locus. There was also an X-linked effect that caused some individuals in the F1 to have phenotypes more characteristic of NY populations. Generation means analysis confirms this X-linked effect, and also suggests a complicated autosomal dominance by dominance epistatic interaction. Despite the appearance of segregation, these results suggest a more complicated system of pheromone blend control than the single major gene previously found between divergent lines for high and low (+)-ipsdienol blends from the hybrid zone in British Columbia.      

重大突发事件下应急冷链供应链协同化评价模型及策略研究*

为有效规避冷链供应链受突发事件带来的不利影响,并强化其应急体系协同化发展,提出基于层次分析法和序参量法的应急冷链供应链协同化水平评价模型。模型以供应链协同化理论为基础,从协同化目标入手构建影响其协同化水平的测度指标体系;利用层次分析法确定评价指标的综合权重,最后运用序参量法评估冷链供应链各应急环节的协同度。结果表明:评价模型能有效评估应急冷链供应链协同化水平,可为冷链供应链应对突发事件提供参考。     

污染河道的常量和微量元素特征及指示意义

河道常量元素和微量元素的分布既反映了不同的来源,又显示了污染水平。选择太湖周边具有不同污染源特征的漕桥河、梁溪河和大浦河,针对水体、悬浮物、沉积物3种不同介质,研究其化学元素含量及变化。微量元素特征及变化分析表明,3条河流整体上磷的含量较高,金属元素在城镇和工业区河段较高。元素主成分分析显示,接纳工业废水、生活污水和农田径流的河流,主成分组成差别明显。元素特征对比值结果表明,不同介质中元素对的变化并不一致,不同河道大体反映了工业废水、农田径流和生活污水的特点;分配系数〖WTBX〗KD〖WTBZ〗值的大小顺序为Fe>Al>Zn>Cr>Ni>K,多数元素的〖WTBX〗KD〖WTBZ〗值都是漕桥河最高,梁溪河最低,Zn的〖WTBX〗KD〖WTBZ〗值则是大浦河最高,漕桥河最低,反映了不同污染源的特征差别。指示元素的研究对于污染河道的治理是有意义的。     

黄土中矿物元素的淋溶释放研究

选取我国西北地区广泛分布的黄土进行模拟降水淋溶实验,研究了在动态淋溶系统中盐基离子和ＳｉＯ２、Ｃｌ－等黄土主要组份的释放规律及淋出液的ｐＨ值变化特点,在此基础上对黄土中各矿物元素的淋溶释放机制进行了探讨。结果表明,黄土中的Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃｌ－主要通过快速的无机盐溶解过程淋失,而Ｋ＋、ＳｉＯ２的淋溶释放则与缓慢的硅酸盐矿物风化有关。粗略的通量计算结果显示,在黄河流域,降水淋溶侵蚀作用每年可从黄土中淋失盐基离子４０．７ × １０９ｍｏｌ,占黄河溶解态物质入海通量的近２０%。     

重大活动空气质量保障预报会商机制及经验探讨

重大活动空气质量保障预报会商已经成为保障过程中的重要环节,旨在以精细化空气质量预报为环境管理部门制定高效可行的区域大气污染管控措施提供关键技术依据。预报会商机制可有效规范区域联动预报会商的开展,在多个重大活动空气质量保障中,预报会商机制已日益完善,尤其是在强化立体化监测网、开展多技术组协同作业、建立多维预报会商流程、提升多种重点污染物预报能力等方面积累了大量宝贵的实践经验。该文首次系统性探讨国内空气质量保障预报会商机制和经验,以期为今后承办重大活动的地区开展空气质量保障预报会商提供借鉴。     

Occurrence of Acid Rain over Delhi

Precipitation samples were collected as wet-fall only andprimarily on event basis in Delhi during the monsoon period of1995. Concentrations of major anions (SO₄ ^2-,NO₃ ^- and Cl^-) andcations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺,Na⁺ and K⁺) were determined. The pH of the rain waterwas found to be more than 5.6, showing alkalinity during theearly phase of monsoon, but during the late phase of monsoon pHtendency was towards acidity due to lack of proper neutralizationof acidic ions. Neutralization is not only due to the localprocess but also due to the pre-monsoon Andhi which bringsSuspended Particulate Matter (SPM) containing Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ as well as the local emission ofNH₃. In the late monsoon the concentration of cations getsreduced because of heavy rainfall and relatively unfavourablecondition for their transport from the adjoining areas, whereasthe anion concentrations remain unchanged owing to theircontinuous emission.     

Lake Ontario sediments in monitoring pollution

An investigation was carried out to select locations for long-term monitoring of inputs of contaminants into Lake Ontario using fine-grained bottom sediments as an historical record of pollution. The sediment sampling program was designed to determine sediment heterogeneity in the western, central and eastern depositional basins of the lake. Surficial sediments and sediment cores were collected in each basin to obtain information on horizontal distribution and concentration profiles of major and trace elements in the sediments (Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K, Ti, Mn, P, As, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn). The results of the investigation indicated that fine-grained sediments in three Lake Ontario depositional basins are homogeneous to a high degree, and that only a few sediment cores need to be collected within each basin for the long-term monitoring of inputs of contaminants to the lake.     

完善与发展重大突发事件情景构建技术方法的核心问题

重大突发事件情景构建是近年在我国兴起的支撑应急准备能力建设的一种方法和思路,广泛应用于公共安全领域的预案体系管理、应急演练设计、应急体系规划等应急准备行动。但是,随着相关研究和应用的逐年深入,如何将其进一步总结、凝练,进而发展成为突破层级和业务领域的标准化风险管理方法是当前应急管理领域急需解决的问题之一。首先,从重大突发事件情景构建的重要性与必要性入手,总结回顾目前国内外情景构建相关的研究与应用现状;其次,在情景构建理论体系和应用实践总结的基础上,围绕“综合风险评估和专家观点的情景主题筛选”“基于专业知识和真实案例支撑的‘故事化’表达”“基于通用应急任务清单支撑的任务梳理”和“基于任务驱动的风险沟通机制”4个核心理念进行深入分析和讨论;最后,结合目前我国应急管理机构改革的情况,从情景构建标准体系的建立和基于标准的情景构建实践工作出发,提出针对性建议。研究结果可为重大突发事件情景构建标准体系的建立与推广提供理论基础和参考借鉴。     

LNG船舶港口泄漏事故情景构建及危害程度分析

情景构建理论是处理重大突发事件的前沿应急管理理论。提高突发事件的应急处理能力,是提前开展战略性研究和应急准备工作的一种有效的科学手段。针对LNG船舶港口碰撞发生泄漏事故,结合重大突发事件情景构建所需要的“情景-应对”模式进行描述,建立LNG船舶在港口卸船期间发生泄漏事故的情景构建方案,通过分析得到LNG船舶碰撞后发生意外泄漏后产生的火灾、爆炸等危害。此案例的研究方法对LNG船舶港口泄漏事故应急管理体系具有较好的参考和指导意义。     

Function Zoning of the Major Function Development-optimized County： A Case in Shangyu,Zhejiang

The 11 th Five Year Plan has divided national functional zones in the basic unit of county-level administrative region. Af- ter implementation of national Major Function-oriented Zones (MFOZ) at prefec...