An Environmentally Sound Method for Disposal of Both Ash and Sludge Wastes by Mixing with Soil: A Case Study of Bangkok Plain

This study reported the test done on ash-sludge mixture foramendment of soil in pot experiments. Ash-sludge mixture ratiostudies revealed that 1:5 fly ash-sludge mixture and 1:10 bottom ash-sludge mixture were the optimum mixture ratio thatminimized toxic element and provided sufficient nutrients. Experiments indicated that ash-sludge mixtures is more suitablefor amendment of acid soil than neutral soil which can increasesoil pH and reduce available heavy metal toxicity. The maximumheavy metal adsorption occurred in a pH range of 4 to 6 for allsoil studied. The finding also revealed that fly ash applicationseemed more effective than bottom ash, due to its higher loadingrate and metal contents. Heavy metal toxicity was monitored usingseed germination test. Marigold and tomato seeds were the two crops selected for this test. Seed germination test result showsthat percentage of seed germination increased in pot experimentswith sludge only and ash-sludge mixtures. In addition, higherpercentages of seed germination were observed to vary with longer incubation time (1–8 weeks). After week 12 of the incubation period, percentage of seed germination began to decline, as a result of reduced soil pH and release of toxic heavy metals.     

新形式下工业废水BOD_5稀释倍数的计算

推导了 BOD5稀释系数的量值关系 ,得出 BOD5稀释系数与样品的可生化性成正比 ,与稀释后水样的耗氧量成反比 ,并据此进一步分析了如何对样品的可生化性和稀释后水样的耗氧量进行预期。在此基础上从实际出发 ,根据工作经验简化和优化了稀释倍数的计算 ,达到提高测定准确度 ,降低劳动强度的目的     

北京市通州污灌区土壤环境质量监测和蔬菜重金属污染状况研究

通过对北京市通州污灌区土壤现状调查与蔬菜重金属污染监测,结合土壤环境质量标准、食品卫生标准及污灌区污染历史,分析对比该区土壤和蔬菜重金属污染状况及其变化。结果表明,本次监测通州污灌区土壤中重金属平均含量均达到土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中二级标准限量。对照土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd和As均达到土壤一级标准。凉水河两岸和通惠北干渠中重金属含量均高于对照土壤,说明污灌区污水灌溉已使土壤受到一定程度的污染。与二十世纪70年代末监测结果相比,土壤中多数重金属含量处于上升趋势。污灌区蔬菜重金属含量监测结果表明,其含量水平均达到食品卫生标准,说明污灌区蔬菜尚未受到严重污染。     

Monitoring the results of Canada/U.S.A acid rain control programs: some lake responses

Aquatic acidification by deposition of airborne pollutants emerged as an environmental issue in southeastern Canada during the 1970s. Drawing information from the extensive research and monitoring programs, a sequence of issue assessments demonstrated the necessity of reducing the anthropogenic emissions of acidifying pollutants, particularly sulphur dioxide (SO₂). The 1991 Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement (AQA) was negotiated to reduce North American SO₂ emissions by 40% relative to 1980 levels by 2010, and at present, both countries have reduced emissions beyond their AQA commitment. In response to reduced SO₂ emissions, atmospheric deposition of sulphate (SO₄ ^2–) and SO₄ ^2– concentrations in many lakes have declined, particularly in south-central Ontario and southern Québec. Sulphate deposition still exceeds aquatic critical loads throughout southeastern Canada however. Increasing pH or alkalinity (commonly deemed recovery) has been observed in only some lakes. Several biogeochemical factors have intervened to modify the lake chemistry response to reduced SO₄ ^2– input, notably release of stored SO₄ ^2– from wetlands following periods of drought and reduction in the export of base cations from terrestrial soils. Three examples from Ontario are presented to illustrate these responses. Significant increases in pH and alkalinity have been observed in many lakes in the Sudbury area of Ontario due to the large reductions in local SO₂ emissions; early-stage biological recovery is evident in these lakes. An integrated assessment model predicts that AQA emission reductions will not be sufficient to promote widespread chemical or biological recovery of Canadian lakes. Monitoring and modeling are mutually supporting assessment activities and both must continue.     

臭氧-絮凝-活性炭联合工艺处理生活污水实验研究

随着水体污染的日益严重和可利用水资源的减少，人们越来越重视污水回用技术的应用。污水回用对污水处理后水质要求的提高使得传统的氯气处理工艺显得落后。本文开展臭氧与其他工艺联合处理生活污水的效果的研究，研究结果表明，臭氧-活性碳-絮凝-臭氧工艺较为理想。     

生物接触氧化法在医院污水处理中的应用与管理

针对医院污水中含有大量致病微生物和有机污染物的特点，选用生物接触氧化-沉淀-加氯消毒处理工艺流程及科学的调试、运转管理模式后，不仅能提高污水处理效果，还能大大降低运行成本，并最终使出水各项指标达到国家规定的排放标准。     

A Three-Dimensional Model Study of the Impact of AVOC and BVOC Emissions on Ozone in an Urban Area of the Eastern Spain

This study concentrated on the effects of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) emissions on ozone (O₃) in an area of the Eastern Spain on June 12, 1997, a day characterised by sea breeze. Simulation of meteorology was performed with the three-dimensional model ADREA-I. Comparisons of the model results with observations have revealed overall a good agreement in temperature and wind velocity. Two runs were performed with UAM-IV for the photochemical calculations. The first simulated the effects of the anthropogenic emissions only (run A) and the second the combined effects of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, (run B). Comparisons of the model O₃ concentrations with measurements showed a general agreement with the experimental data. Discrepancies between the calculated results and the observations during the early morning hours could be attributed to inaccuracies in nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from the anthropogenic emissions inventory. Comparisons between runs A and B yielded differences up to 30% in the morning, over inland areas. It was deduced that the inclusion of BVOC in total emissions could result in an increase or decrease of tropospheric O₃, depending on the available amounts of anthropogenic emissions.     

N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the North China Plain:the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure

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燃气红外干化污泥对肥效及农用安全性的影响

自行研制的以煤气为能源的污泥干化中试成套设备，干化城市污水处理厂污泥，并对污泥肥效、病原体杀灭效果以及重金属含量的变化进行了研究，结果表明，经该套设备处理后，污泥的肥效保持不变，重金属含量也未发生变化，而污泥中的大肠杆菌和蛔虫卵全部被杀灭。处理后的污泥可在我国中、碱性土壤上作农肥使用。     

城市小区分散式生态污水处理

针对目前我国城市集中式污水处理方法的弊端，提出将小型人工湿地运用于城市小区的污水处理，形成分散式生态污水处理系统，实现环境目标与经济效益的结合。