城市污水处理厂厌氧消化污泥调理脱水性能研究

通过在污水厂实地取样,首先用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(cationic polyacrylamide,CPAM)调理储泥池混合污泥与消化污泥,比较2种污泥投药前后的毛细吸水时间(capillary suction time,CST),发现消化污泥的CST明显小于储泥池的污泥。然后,检测这2种污泥的调理过程中Zeta电位的变化,并研究了挥发性悬浮物(volatile suspended solids,VSS)、总悬浮固体(total suspended solid,TSS)蛋白质、多糖以及胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)总量对脱水效果的影响。结果表明投药后消化污泥脱水性能优于混合污泥,最佳投药量为4‰~4.5‰;污泥中VSS/TSS越高,污泥脱水效果越差;污泥中蛋白质含量是影响污泥脱水效果的重要因素之一,其含量低于26.5%时,污泥压滤后含水率随蛋白质含量升高而升高,但当蛋白质含量高于26.5%时,无明显变化规律。     

徐州市尾水导流信息化监测平台的设计与应用研究

南水北调徐州市截污导流工程是保障江苏省南水北调出省水质达到Ⅲ类水标准的关键性工程.徐州市尾水导流信息化监测平台,基于地理信息系统,集数据采集与传输、实时监测、历史数据分析、视频监控、预警预报于一体,对工程现场的各种类型的监测数据和工况信息进行采集、分析和展示应用,是南水北调徐州市截污导流工程实现全面信息化管理的重要技术支撑,为东线水资源安全提供有力保障.     

基于能源利用的市政污泥处置技术的发展研究

市政污泥是污水生物处理过程中产生的城市固废,产量巨大、污染严重."十三五"期间中国污泥无害化处理任务艰巨,常规的污泥处理处置在二次污染、占地、能耗等方面具有局限,影响了在中国的广泛应用.污泥的能源化利用是兼具污泥量削减和新附加值产生的发展方向,本文围绕当前市政污泥能源化的研究、应用领域的发展加以讨论,探讨了污泥能源利用的潜能和存在的主要问题.     

Efficient treatment of azo dye containing wastewater in a hybrid acidogenic bioreactor stimulated by biocatalyzed electrolysis

In this study, a novel scaled-up hybrid acidogenic bioreactor(HAB) was designed and adopted to evaluate the performance of azo dye(acid red G, ARG) containing wastewater treatment. Principally, HAB is an acidogenic bioreactor coupled with a biocatalyzed electrolysis module. The effects of hydraulic retention time(HRT) and ARG loading rate on the performance of HAB were investigated. In addition, the influent was switched from synthetic wastewater to domestic wastewater to examine the key parameters for the application of HAB. The results showed that the introduction of the biocatalyzed electrolysis module could enhance anoxic decolorization and COD(chemical oxygen demand) removal. The combined process of HAB-CASS presented superior performance compared to a control system without biocatalyzed electrolysis(AB-CASS). When the influent was switched to domestic wastewater, with an environment having more balanced nutrients and diverse organic matters, the ARG, COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies of HAB-CASS were further improved, reaching 73.3% ± 2.5%, 86.2% ± 3.8% and 93.5% ± 1.6% at HRT of 6 hr, respectively, which were much higher than those of AB-CASS(61.1% ± 4.7%,75.4% ± 5.0% and 82.1% ± 2.1%, respectively). Moreover, larger TCV/TV(total cathode volume/total volume) for HAB led to higher current and ARG removal. The ARG removal efficiency and current at TCV/TV of 0.15 were 39.2% ± 3.7% and 28.30 ± 1.48 m A,respectively. They were significantly increased to 62.1% ± 2.0% and 34.55 ± 0.83 m A at TCV/TV of 0.25. These results show that HAB system could be used to effectively treat real wastewater.     

The biological effect of metal ions on the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge

As a special biofilm structure, microbial attachment is believed to play an important role in the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). This experiment was to investigate the biological effect of Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, Zn^2 +, and K⁺ which are the most common ions present in biological wastewater treatment systems, on the microbial attachment of AGAS and flocculent activated sludge (FAS), from which AGAS is always derived, in order to provide a new strategy for the rapid cultivation and stability control of AGAS. The result showed that attachment biomass of AGAS was about 300% higher than that of FAS without the addition of metal ions. Different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment. FAS and AGAS reacted differently to the metal ions as well, and in fact, AGAS was more sensitive to the metal ions. Specifically, Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, and K⁺ could increase the microbial attachment ability of both AGAS and FAS under appropriate concentrations, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + were also beneficial to the microbial attachment of FAS at low concentrations, but Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + greatly inhibited the attachment process of AGAS even at extremely low concentrations. In addition, the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing system, the content of extracellular polymeric substances and the relative hydrophobicity of the sludges were greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with the microbial attachment process, the microbial attachment may be affected by changes of these parameters.     

城市污泥及蚓粪施用对生菜和土壤中重金属(Cr、Pb和Cd)积累的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了不同配比的城市生活污泥和蚓粪(污泥或蚓粪在混配土壤中的质量分数为10%、20%和30%(以干重计))施用于土壤后,对生菜和土壤中Cr、Pb和Cd三种重金属元素积累的影响,以期为污泥蚓粪的农用提供依据及指导。试验结果表明:无论何种比例的污泥和蚓粪,重金属Cr和Cd在生菜体内的含量均低于国家标准限值,而重金属Pb在生菜体内的含量均不同程度地高于国家标准限值,生菜体内的重金属含量从大到小依次为Pb>Cr>Cd。研究发现,无论施用污泥和蚓粪,大多数情况下重金属在生菜体内的含量以10%施用量处理组最高。20%配比的处理种植并收获生菜后,土壤重金属的含量显著低于10%和30%处理组土壤。     

翻堆频率对厨余垃圾堆肥过程中H_2S和NH_3排放的影响

为研究厨余垃圾堆肥过程中翻堆频率对H2S和NH3排放的影响,以大类粗分后的厨余垃圾为研究对象,玉米秸秆为调理剂,设置4组翻堆频率不同的处理(每周2次,2周1次,2周1次和不翻堆)进行对比研究。结果表明:翻堆频率的变化对H2S的排放影响不大,对NH3的排放有显著的影响,翻堆频率过高会增加NH3的累积排放量,翻堆频率过低虽然能降低NH3的累积排放量,但会影响到堆肥产物的腐熟。综合厨余垃圾堆肥的无害化指标、H2S和NH3的排放以及最终堆肥产品的毒性检验,在实验条件下,翻堆频率设为每周1次在堆料腐熟的基础上对H2S和NH3减排效果最好。     

生物移动床处理农村面源生活污水试验研究

在实验室常温条件下,利用生物移动床(MBBR)处理模拟农村生活污水,通过检测反应器进出水中各污染物的浓度变化特性,确定MBBR挂膜条件及对污水的处理效果。研究表明,启动期活性污泥产生的黏性膨胀对挂膜有较大的影响,通过调节ρ(C)∶ρ(N)∶ρ(P)=100∶5∶1,可以改善此现象;MBBR运行稳定后,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(NH+4-N)、ρ(TP)分别为400,35,7 mg/L时,在p H约为7、ρ(DO)为2~4 mg/L、HRT为3h的条件下,COD、NH+4-N、TN、TP的去除率分别达到85%、85%、60%、70%。MBBR对农村面源污水有较好的处理效果,适合于处理污水管网系统落后的地区和乡镇的面源污水。     

人工湿地技术用于重庆市村镇生活污水处理现状

人工湿地具有能耗低、基建投资少、去污效果显著等优点,是一种适用于村镇污水处理的新型技术。通过实地抽样调研重庆各区村镇污水处理站的人工湿地,分析得到5种人工湿地组合工艺中COD、SS、NH3-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为62.8%、58.4%、37%、26%、10%,污水处理效果较低,且发现普遍存在"重建设轻运行"、"重厂区轻管网"等问题。最后从设计、施工、运行管理方面究其原因,并提出推行村镇污水处理设施采用"设计-建设-运营"一体化模式的建议。     

一种新型污水净化器设计与试验研究

利用磁絮凝技术和磁场发生原理,设计开发了一种新型污水净化器,以亥姆霍兹线圈为思路,提出5对圆形线圈组构的技术方案,实现了由1 n T到1 000μT磁感应强度的连续可调。通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳操作参数,研究了磁场对絮凝效果的影响。并采用该净化器处理城市溢流污水,试验结果表明,磁种和磁场的加入可以提高净化器的净水效果。