Fluid30单元在同轴圆柱壳固有特性计算中的适用性分析

目的分析Fluid30单元用于内侧含环形间隙流体同轴圆柱壳固有特性计算的适用性。方法针对内侧含环形间隙流体的同轴圆柱壳模型,分别基于"Fluid30单元"和"理论流体附加质量"对壳体固有特性进行分析。通过变间隙宽度对比计算,探究壳体固有特性随无量纲半径比的变化规律,分析波动方程离散化对计算结果的影响,判定Fluid30单元的适用范围。结果半径比与固有频率之间呈非线性关系,半径比越小,壳体固有频率越低,固有频率随半径比变化率越大。波动方程离散化引起的误差随半径比减小而增大,以相对误差10%作为Fluid30单元适用性判别标准,(1,2)壳式频率对应的临界半径比为1.20,(1,3)壳式频率对应的临界半径比为1.03,其他壳式频率对应的临界半径比小于1.001。结论不同阶频率的Fluid30单元适用范围不同,当半径比小于临界值时,相关频率应基于理论流体附加质量迭代计算。     

提高深盲孔壳类零件温冲压模具寿命的措施

采用合理的模具结构、选择合适的模具材料、采用适宜的热处理工艺和表面强化工艺以及提高模具的加工质量等都可以显著提高温冲压模具的使用寿命。分析了超高强度钢制深盲孔壳体温冲压成形时,模具的工作条件及其失效形式,提出了能有效提高该壳体温冲压模具寿命的具体措施。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定椰子壳水解液中的糖

采用衍生化—萃取法处理含糖样品 ,毛细管气相色谱测定糖的方法 ,测定了椰子壳水解液中糖的含量。结果表明 ,该方法简便、可靠 ,方法的相对标准偏差小于 5 %     

柱壳液力成形弹性稳定性分析

利用非线性弹性稳定性理论 ,分析研究了壳体液力成形工艺中的开口圆柱壳弹性稳定性问题。计算结果表明不仅非线性弹性临界载荷远低于线性弹性临界载荷 ,而且更重要的是内压很大程度上有助于提高柱壳轴向弹性临界屈曲载荷 ,这样为内高压成形工艺提供了弹性失稳理论依据     

显像管玻壳铅尘在大气中的迁移扩散规律和污染特征

以石家庄市显像管玻壳厂排放的铅尘为研究对象，通过在该玻壳厂周围土壤表层布点采样，较系统地研究了铅尘在大气中的迁移转化规律及其污染特性。研究结果表明，用高斯模式能成功地预测铅尘在大气中的迁移扩散规律。     

定量遥感技术在城市热岛效应研究及其治理中的应用

以长春市为例,基于LandSat7 ETM 影像数据定量反演晴空状态下城市地表温度、地表反照率和NDVI(归一化植被指数),通过分析地表温度空间分布状况及其与地表反照率、NDVI的关系,研究城市热岛效应并提出治理对策.研究表明:长春市城区热岛效应显著,热岛中心主要分布在铁北工业园区、二道区北部和绿园区西南部;城区的地表反照率和NDVI始终小于郊区;城区地表温度随着地表反照率和NDVI的增加而降低.因此,在提高工业热源和能源的利用率,减少热量散失和排放的同时,提高城区植被覆盖率和地表反照率可以有效缓解城市热岛效应给城市生态环境带来的不良影响.     

Optimizing process parameters for the adsorption of phosphorus from synthetic wastewater on coconut shell based activated carbon

Activated carbon was prepared from coconut shell, an agricultural waste, for the removal of phosphorus from synthetic phosphorus‐containing wastewater. The activated carbon obtained from the coconut shell was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, particle size, adsorbent dosage, and sorption time on the adsorptive potential of the prepared activated carbon. Response surface methodology was employed to study the interactions among the variables and to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of phosphorus using the coconut shell–based activated carbon (CNS). The characterization results from the FTIR showed the presence of variety of functional groups, such as ?OH, ?NH, C=O, C?H, C?N, CH₃, and CH₂, which explains the CNS's improved adsorption behavior on the colloidal particles. A maximum performance of 95.22% was obtained for CNS at the optimum conditions of adsorbent dosage = 1,000 milligrams (local variable), pH 2 (local variable), particle size = 0.2 millimeters (local variable), and sorption time = 4.2 hours (global variable).     

基于多源数据的大气细颗粒物对北京市城市热岛的影响研究

在土地利用方式改变、能源消耗持续增长、人口膨胀的共同作用下,城市热岛效应日趋显著。大气细颗粒物（PM_2.5）污染不断加剧,对城市热岛强度也产生了一定的影响。利用地面空气质量监测站点的逐小时PM_2.5污染监测数据、气象监测站点的日均数据和MODIS地表温度数据,结合土地利用类型,划分城郊气象站点和地表温度采样点,分别计算北京市日均PM_2.5浓度、冠层城市热岛强度和地表城市热岛强度,并计算地表城市热岛强度指数,得出热岛强度空间分布图。经过对PM_2.5与冠层城市热岛强度、地表城市热岛强度及其空间分布的相关性分析,得出以下结论：（1）北京市地表城市热岛强度的月、季间变化明显,主要受土地覆盖类型影响,夏季高于冬季,冠层城市热岛强度的月、季间变化较小;（2）PM_2.5质量浓度与冠层城市热岛强度、地表城市热岛强度均呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为?0.5199和?0.6115;（3）昼间地表城市热岛强度与PM_2.5质量浓度的相关性高于夜间;（4）PM_2.5质量浓度变化对地表城市热岛的空间分布有着显著的影响。随着PM_2.5质量浓度的增加,强热岛空间范围向城区缩减。     

河口岛屿农村地区原位与分散生活污水处理模式的环境与经济对比分析

农村污水排放所导致的环境问题日益突出,各地均大力推动污水处理模式的建立与优化.但农村污水处理模式综合效能评价体系匮乏,且多以处理工艺为主,少量考虑了管网收集系统的环境经济影响.另外,河口岛屿因其独特的自然区位,生态更加脆弱敏感,研究其污水处理问题更具有价值与意义.因此,本研究选取河口岛屿为研究对象,以崇明为例,运用生命周期评价和经济性分析理论,对比分析了分散与原位两种生活污水处理模式,包含收集和处理系统两个子系统,以及建设和运行两个阶段的环境影响与经济性.结果表明：原位和分散模式环境影响总值分别为1.75×10^-11和0.66,分散模式更具环境优势;户均成本分别为1.80万元和1.66万元,相比原位模式而言,在相同去除效果条件下,分散模式处理更有利于节约单位投资费用;处理系统为污水处理模式主要环境影响贡献子系统,其运行阶段为主要贡献阶段,且收集系统更有环境无害化和经济优势;海洋生态毒性潜值和人体毒性潜值为主要环境影响类型.     

Using Population Viability Criteria to Assess Strategies to Minimize Disease Threats for an Endangered Carnivore

Outbreaks of infectious disease represent serious threats to the viability of many vertebrate populations, but few studies have included quantitative evaluations of alternative approaches to the management of disease. The most prevalent management approach is monitoring for and rapid response to an epizootic. An alternative is vaccination of a subset of the free‐living population (i.e., a “vaccinated core”) such that some individuals are partially or fully immune in the event of an epizootic. We developed a simulation model describing epizootic dynamics, which we then embedded in a demographic simulation to assess these alternative approaches to managing rabies epizootics in the island fox (Urocyon littoralis), a species composed of only 6 small populations on the California Channel Islands. Although the monitor and respond approach was superior to the vaccinated‐core approach for some transmission models and parameter values, this type of reactive management did not protect the population from rabies under many disease‐transmission assumptions. In contrast, a logistically feasible program of prophylactic vaccination for part of the wild population yielded low extinction probabilities across all likely disease‐transmission scenarios, even with recurrent disease introductions. Our use of a single metric of successful management—probability of extreme endangerment (i.e., quasi extinction)—to compare very different management approaches allowed an objective assessment of alternative strategies for controlling the threats posed by infectious disease outbreaks. Utilización de Criterios de Viabilidad Poblacional para Evaluar Estrategias para Minimizar Amenazas de Enfermedades para un Carnívoro en Peligro