系统电磁脉冲效应摸底试验初探

目的研究武器装备系统的电磁脉冲效应。方法采用系统理论计算和部件摸底试验相结合的方法,以某装备的信息处理模块为测试对象,开展电磁脉冲近场辐照和电流注入试验,通过改变场强、注入电流等试验条件,探讨电磁脉冲对该模块的电磁效应。结果得出了工作状态下该模块的电磁脉冲干扰效应试验数据,该模块在310 V/m的辐照场强或电缆耦合电流为4.3~6.4 A时会出现敏感状态,多次测试时百分之百敏感阈值略高。结论对部件开展近场辐照和电流注入的电磁脉冲摸底试验方法可行,为进一步研究系统装备电子部件的电子脉冲效应提供了借鉴。     

Triangulation theory applied to conflict over hormone herbicide drift in Natal,South Africa

Policies that arise out of conflict or collaboration between specific interest groups and government agencies are often explained by theoretical constructs that fall under the umbrella of group theory. Triangulation theory is one of these constructs and serves to explain the mutuality of interests that exist between government agencies and interest groups expressed as points linking geometric forms. Conflict tends to occur when competing interest groups are excluded from the linkage, in this case between the opponents and proponents of hormone herbicides in the Tala area in Natal, South Africa. In opposition to the use of hormone herbicides were vegetable farmers and their supporters: in linked support were agricultural interest groups who used hormone herbicides, the manufacturers of the herbicides, and the government agency responsible for agriculture. Because of the influence exerted through mutual support by the proponents of hormone herbicides, the formulation of policy decisions directed towards the resolution of the conflict was delayed. When the minister of agriculture finally intervened, the policy decisions were designed to secure the support of those opposing the use of hormone herbicides by introducing issues that cut across those maintaining the discord.     

光纤传输在地震台信号传输中的应用

深圳地震台处于强雷电干扰地区,雷电干扰的破坏给深圳地震台的各类设备带来严重的损害,造成较大的经济损失,后来在信号传输线路上改用了光纤传输,起到了明显的效果。作者将深圳台在应用光纤传输地震信号的实践工作进行简要总结,供一线台站的同行参考。     

光纤传输在地震台信号传输中的应用

深圳地震台处于强雷电干扰地区，雷电干扰的破坏给深圳地震台的各类设备带来严重的损害，造成较大的经济损失，后来在信号传输线路上改用了光纤传输，起到了明显的效果。作者将深圳台在应用光纤传输地震信号的实践工作进行简要总结，供一线台站的同行参考。     

泄漏原油在河流表面漂移的数值模拟*

为研究穿越河流原油管道泄漏后,原油在河流表面的漂移规律,采用Mixture多相流模型模拟原油在1条真实河流表面的漂移过程。对不同泄漏位置、河流入口流速和泄漏质量流速工况下原油发生泄漏后在河流表面的漂移行为进行模拟,预测原油在河流表面的漂移速度与污染面积等关键数据。结果表明:泄漏位置越靠近河流中部,污染面积越大;河流入口流速越大,漂移速度越快;泄漏质量流速越大,油膜越厚。研究数据可为发生泄漏时制定及时准确的泄漏油品拦截方案提供理论支撑。     

突发水污染事故风险预测中数学模型的研究

为了预防和控制潜在的水环境风险,准确预测水体中污染物的迁移和扩散情况,采用溢油扩延计算模式、油膜漂移分析计算方法和可溶性危险化学品一维瞬时扩散模型预测突发性污染事故对水体造成的影响。并以江南某航道为例,模拟船舶在船闸碰撞后发生溢油扩散、可溶性危险化学品扩散,进而提出一些风险防范的建议。该预测模型预测水体中污染物的实时浓度,分析污染水团的轨迹变化,有广泛的应用价值。     

某天线加速贮存试验与寿命评估方法研究

目的对某天线进行加速贮存试验研究,利用试验数据进行寿命评估,得到产品的加速因子。方法通过步降应力试验方法对某天线的12台产品进行了四个不同应力量级的高温加速贮存试验,获得产品的退化数据。分别采取两种加速模型对试验数据进行处理,对比确定最优评估方法。结果采用基于漂移布朗运动的加速模型评估得到产品的激活能,从而求出加速因子和贮存寿命。结论步降应力试验方法能加速产品损伤的累积,便于快速获得产品的性能退化数据,而基于漂移布朗运动的评估方法为天线类产品的寿命评估提供了一种新的参考方法。     

砂岩和花岗岩岩石表层光释光信号晒退速率对比及测年意义

光释光信号已被成功地应用于岩石表层暴露、埋藏年龄的测定以及判别岩石经历的曝光和埋藏历史。本文选择红褐色石英砂岩和灰白色黑云母花岗岩进行了岩块和岩片晒退不同时间的实验研究,结果显示:岩石光释光信号(IR_(50);IRSL)可被光(阳光和全光谱模拟太阳灯灯光)快速晒退。曝光一定时间后,岩块表层一定深度的光释光信号可以归零,且随曝光时间的延长,自暴露面向内的光释光信号归零深度也随之加深。砂岩和花岗岩光晒退对比实验结果显示:与深色砂岩相比,浅色的花岗岩有更高的光释光信号晒退速率。实验同时揭示:本研究所采用的红外光源激发获得的光释光信号来自岩片(1.2 mm)表层一定深度,并没有完全穿透该岩片。该研究为了解不同岩性岩石的光释光信号晒退速率、测年对象的合理选择以及岩石样品采集、前处理和测试等提供了实验数据支持。     

The role of the vibration signal in the house-hunting process of honey bee (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>) swarms

The function of the vibration signal of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) during house hunting was investigated by removing vibrating bees from swarms and examining the effects on waggle dancing for nest sites, liftoff preparations and swarm movement. We compared house hunting among three swarm types: (1) test swarms (from which vibrating bees were removed), (2) manipulated control (MC) swarms (from which randomly selected workers and some waggle dancers were removed), and (3) unmanipulated control (UC) swarms (from which no bees were removed). The removal of vibrating bees had pronounced effects on liftoff preparations and swarm movement. Compared to the MC and UC swarms, the test swarms had significantly greater liftoff-preparation periods, were more likely to abort liftoff attempts, and in some cases were unable to move to the chosen site after the swarm became airborne. However, the three swarm types did not differ in overall levels of waggle dance activity, the time required to achieve consensus for a nest site, the rate at which new waggle dancers were recruited for the chosen site, or the ability to maintain levels of worker piping necessary to prepare for flight. The removal of vibrating bees may therefore have altered liftoff behavior because of a direct effect on vibration signal activity. A primary function of the signal during house hunting may be to generate a level of activity in workers that enhances and coordinates responses to other signals that stimulate departure and movement to a new location.Communicated by R. Page     

Courtship in fast water currents by a male stream goby ( Rhinogobius brunneus) communicates the parental quality honestly

The stream goby Rhinogobius sp. DA (dark color type) shows exclusive paternal care of the eggs. Males court females in the stream current and previous field observations suggest that females favor males that perform their courtship display in faster water currents, and that such males may have high parental ability because of good physical condition. To validate these observations we examined female choice under controlled laboratory conditions. Mate choice experiments indicated clearly that females preferred males that courted in the faster currents, whereas neither sexually different morphological traits, such as body size, nor the water current alone were important. The experiments with food supply treatments indicated that only males of high physical condition are able to court in the fast currents. Furthermore, males that courted in the fast currents achieved good egg survival, whereas males that were unable to court in the currents did not, due to cannibalism of their egg clutch. Thus, the maximum speed of the water current in which a male courts should be indicative of his quality and of the subsequent survival of eggs under his care. We conclude that Rhinogobius sp. DA females utilize the male courtship display in the water current as an honest indicator of parental quality.Communicated by K. LindströmAn erratum to this article can be found at